Gender Differences And Gender Inequality Essay - 2348 Words

According to the Merriam Webster Dictionary, institutions are, â€Å"an established organization; or a custom, practice, or law that is accepted and used by many people† (http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/institution). Taking this into account, that means that a gendered institution is one in which gender differences and gender inequality have become an established organization; or a custom, practice, or law that has been accepted and used by many people. Kimmel states that they reflect existing gender differences and gender inequalities, construct gender differences, and reproduce gender inequality by making those differences appear not to be socially produced but naturally produced (pg 318). Thus, gendered institutions are something that have become embedded in our everyday life and they are perpetuated by our own doing. Meaning, as a society we cannot differentiate what is institutionally based thought, or thought processes that are based off of behavior that we kno w to be right or wrong. The real question is, if Kimmel, and other social scientists such as himself, have pointed out that it is these gendered institutions that are proliferating gender inequality in our society, then why has the American society, which claims to be one of equality, failed to see the predominate culprit of the reoccurring gender inequalities in our society? The answer that I have come to agreement with is that we make ourselves blind. According to Kimmel, we are â€Å"having a national debateShow MoreRelatedGender Differences And Gender Inequality1717 Words   |  7 Pages Gender differences and gender inequality are sometimes used interchangeably but do not refer to the same thing. The two concepts are common in gender literature; however, they are not uniform across different cultures based on the degree of conservative attitudes present. The significant differences between sexes and used as arguments against equal rights primarily against women’s rights. Hence, the gen der issue has continually been created in light of the standard views or conceptions ofRead MoreGender Differences And Gender Inequality Essay2322 Words   |  10 PagesDictionary). Taking this into account, that means that a gendered institution is one in which gender differences and gender inequality have become an established organization; or a custom, practice, or law that has been accepted and used by many people. Kimmel states that they reflect existing gender differences and gender inequalities, construct gender differences, and reproduce gender inequality by making those differences appear not to be socially produced but naturally produced (Kimmel 318). Thus, genderedRead MoreDifferences Between Gender And Gender Inequality998 Words   |  4 Pagesidea was to have ideas about gender coming from not only different countries, but different continents. Based on what I read in the textbook, and what we have discussed in class, gender is the idea that different societies create about feminism and masculinity based on the performance from both sexes. The problem of gender inequality is not recent, but something that many societies have been trying to fix for a long time. As soon I asked about their experience with gender, they all answered the sameRead MoreThe Ways Gender Difference Is A Basis For Inequality974 Words   |  4 Pagesways gender difference is a basis for inequality in contemporary society? Gender refers to the socially constructed categories of feminine and masculine. It is one of the major factors in social difference and inequality in today’s society. Gender inequality refers to unequal treatment or perceptions of individuals based on their gender. It arises from differences in socially constructed gender roles. Using a paragraph based approach I intend to individually analyse various aspects of gender differencesRead MoreGender Inequality : A Good Understanding Of The Social Inequality Essay1487 Words   |  6 PagesAs a female college student I feel the necessity to have a good understanding of the social inequalities around me. Although, women have socially grown with more power over the years, it is not enough to equalize with the men. For example, the pay gap difference between men and women for not having the â€Å"testosterone bonus† even though the same education and qualifications are present. I hope that over time I will be able to experienc e a change and have the same equal rights as men because I feelRead MoreGender and Culture Conflicts at Work858 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Gender and Culture Conflicts @Work There are a number of conflicts at my workplace. One of which that is related to gender is the differences in conflict management and conflict interaction with respect to gender. I noticed differences in how women react to and engage in conflict as compared with men. While differences are good in some cases, these differences, particularly with respect to conflict (in general) can exacerbate the conflict or redirect it such that the conflict does not get resolvedRead MoreFactors of Social Inequality723 Words   |  3 PagesDISCUSS FIVE FACTORS OF INEQUALITY IN OUR SOCIETY. Gender refers to socially constructed roles and responsibilities of women and men. The difference in roles and responsibilities among women and men stems from our families, societies and culture. The concept of gender includes our expectations about the characteristics, attitudes and behaviours of women and men, and is vital in facilitating gender analysis. The different roles, rights and resources that both the genders have in society are importantRead MoreFeminism Is An Interdisciplinary Idea881 Words   |  4 Pagesinterdisciplinary idea. In sociology, feminism broadens our ideas on gender and transforms it into a major field of study. George Ritzer, in Contemporary Sociological Theory and Its Classical Roots, breaks feminist theory down into four major varieties, gender differences, gender inequality, gender oppression, and structural oppression. He then explains the different forms of feminism seen in each variety. The first variety, gender difference, describes, explains, and traces the implications of how menRead MoreThe Gender Trap : Parents And The Pitfalls Of Raising Boys And Girls Essay1240 Words   |  5 PagesName Course Tutor Date Book Review of â€Å"The Gender Trap: Parents and the Pitfalls of Raising Boys and Girls† by Kane Emily W. This is a book that explains why the gender trap is not the parent’s fault, but a social construction. One of the social institutions is the family. Through the family, Kane has explained the role of the parents in maintaining the social gender trap. Kane has analyzed her interviews with parents of preschool children to show the beliefs and motivations that construct theRead MoreFeminism Theory Of The Political, Economic, And Social Equality1137 Words   |  5 PagesMerriam-Webster definition is the theory of the political, economic, and social equality of the sexes (p.1). There are four major categories of feminist theories- Gender Differences, Gender Inequality, Gender Oppression and Structural Oppression. These theories analyze both women and men’s roles in society, they also question the roles of gender between men and women. This includes how class, race, ethnicity and age are viewed from a feminist perspective. The main reason that feminist theories are used

Interview with a Senior Citizen Free Essays

My husband was a pilot In the Alarm Force ? o handsomely Both of my parents died when they were fairly young. My mother at 56 and my father at 42. They were both ill. We will write a custom essay sample on Interview with a Senior Citizen or any similar topic only for you Order Now I had my first daughter when I was 28 and my second daughter when I was 31 . I started working at the Flamingo Hotel right out of high school as a front desk clerk. After I got married when I was 20, I became a stay at home mother and am currently living off of alimony checks and social security. Q: Did you go back to work after your daughters left home (Initially)? A: No, he left in 2007 right when the economy was crashing and it was Impossible to find a Job. Q: What are the most memorable experiences that you have had? A: The most memorable experiences that I have had are all good ones. My marriage Is one and the birth of my children. Q: What would you say were most stressful life’s events? A: The death of my parents was very stressful for me. They were all the way in Pennsylvania and traveling across country for the funeral was hard – emotionally and financially. The separation from my husband was especially stressful; I thought I was going to have to file for bankruptcy and foreclose on the house. Q: If you had the opportunity to change anything would you and what would that be? A: Of course I would change the passing of my family members besides that It would be my spending habits when I was young. Maybe then, I would have more In my savings. I try not to live In a world of what-It’s. No regrets my husband always said. A: Housework, of course; golf, swimming, I Jog three times a week on the treadmill I have in the garage. Q: What types of activities do you do to stay social? A: My daughter taught me how to do social media. I go to the country club with the girls every Sunday for a game of golf and a swim when it’s really hot. I also do bingo on Friday nights at one of the Station Casinos. Q: Can you tell me about your medical history? Have you had any major falls, bruises or scrapes? A: I do have a slightly high cholesterol but I’m working on lowering that through diet and exercise. Fortunately, I never had cancer or diabetes and let’s hope I never do. Q: Are you religious? A: Yes, I don’t go to church as much as I used to, but I am still a woman of faith. When my parents passed, it really made me think about the whole scheme of things. Some people allow death to make them feel powerless, but not me. I took it as an excuse to really start living and now I take care of myself better than I did when I was young. It’s never too late! Part II: Interview With a Senior Citizen I interviewed my parent’s neighbor, a 67 year old woman named Shirley. I met Shirley when I was helping my parents move back into their Lass Vegas home. The experience was very humbling and amazing. Shirley home smelled of cookies and backing bread, the home had a mix of traditional and modern furniture and had a lot of her children’s photos on the wall and on tables. Her daughter, who still lives with her, was in the kitchen baking. Before taking a seat, Shirley looks out the front window, commenting about the neighbors newest vehicle; apparently they have had many which has not gone unnoticed by Shirley. I started by taking out my phone to use as a recording device. After closing the curtain halfway, Shirley sat down, ready to start and so was l. I started with the basic topics that were listed on the worksheet and asked some questions of my own. I noticed Shirley had a smile on her face every time she spoke of her childhood and her daughter. She responded to all my questions in a positive manner, which made me think she may have been trying to play everything up, but towards the end of the interview, I was able to see that although she had During the interview, when speaking about the deaths of some of her family members, she became a little emotional. When I asked her how she feels about the deaths of her loved now, she responded by saying that while she has come to terms with their passing, she knows that she isn’t completely powerless when it comes to every day, pushing her to be healthy so she can stick around longer for her daughter. Shirley expressed that the other events that played a major role in her life are the birth of her daughter and her divorce. I gathered that she was a family oriented person and that the separation with her husband was tough on her. Her adult daughter living at home with her and her membership at a local country club seems to help her stay generative (Berger, 2011). Shirley expressed that living with her daughter keeps her young. Shirley recreational and social activities include golfing, puzzles (crossword and Jigsaw), computer games, bingo, and social media. By engaging in mental exercises and active conversation, Shirley will be able to help sustain cognitive function (Berger, 2011). In my assessment of Shirley, she seemed to be a healthy aging adult. When I first met Shirley, I would have guessed that she was a woman in her late fifties, as opposed to ere biological age of 67. When I asked her questions about her physical activities, I found that most of her exercise was in the form of a thirty minute Jog on a treadmill, which she has in the garage, three times a week. Shirley also expressed that she visits the country club where she golf with friends and swims on occasion. She has not had any major falls, bruises or scrapes, she was very level and by playing golf it can be assumed that she still had good eye sight and accuracy for the ball. Shirley stated that she only drank wine on occasion and did not smoke, but behind ere in the kitchen her daughter shook her head and rolled her eyes, pointing to the two empty wine bottles still in the trash can implying her mother may have been under exaggerating her alcohol intake. Shirley is a woman of average height and weight, Just a little weight around the stomach. When I inquired about her medical history, she said that she has been fortunate enough that she has not been diagnosed with anything major, such as cancer or diabetes, but she did state that she had a slightly high cholesterol and is working to reduce that by being more active and eating well. She seemed to be in overall great health besides her alcohol intake. Shirley had great optimism about the future and her kids and about someday being a grandmother. Shirley is in overall good health. She goes on social media, plays golf and bingo to fulfill her social needs. She maintains a good exercise routine and exercises her mind with puzzles. The most valuable information that I received form this interview is to stay active, social, and to take care of my health. How to cite Interview with a Senior Citizen, Papers Interview with a Senior Citizen Free Essays I am interviewing my 72-year-old cousin; she is a mother of 4 children, 3Boys, and 1 Girl. She is still married her husband of 55 years is semi-retired from the family business. They both still live in the same house that they raised their 4 kids in. We will write a custom essay sample on Interview with a Senior Citizen or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1. What physical activity were you doing in the past and now in the present? When I was younger I ran the kids everywhere. To school, and school functions, such as sports, clubs, dances, play dates. I went shopping with my sister and mother, with the family or just the kids. I was involved in clubs with my girlfriends such as card games, tennis. I played the piano, did yard work, worked in my garden, laundry. My husband and I went out to dinner, spent time with friends. I also worked in the family business when I could and more so when the kids could work there too or at least help. Now I work at the business 3 times a week, meet cousins for lunch once a month, meet friends for lunch a couple times a week. Still play cards, we take turns on whose house is hosting it. I go with my husband when he shows his cars at the Frog Follies. I spend time with my grandkids. I also have to keep the house up; it has 5 bedrooms, 3 baths, den, living room, and kitchen. I dust, vacuum, and mop floors. I also have treadmill and walk on that, and other excercises I do to keep my joints limber. 2. What do you do to keep yourself mentally alert, any activities or excercises you used in the past and present? Well in the past I helped the kids with their homework so that kept me on my toes. I was also working as the bookkeeper for the family so I was doing a lot of math. I have always read a lot, and I love puzzles, find a word and others. Even now I still work and do the books, I am still reading only on my iPad instead of actual books, still doing puzzles, find the word, and others. I am on the computer or my iPad surfing the net and playing games on Face Book, such as finding hidden objects. Word games, card games and others, I really like cross word on line no erasing. I also took some craft classes on line and learned to crochet, and cross-stitch. I now belong to a book club on line and we read a chosen book and then discuss it, and not just fiction but nonfiction. 3. What meaningful activities give your life meaning? I think spending time with my grandkids gives a lot of meaning to my life, being a grandmother. I did not always get to spend time with my kids. Not like I can with my grandchildren and spending time with my cousins, our family has all but died out except for our generation the 2nd. We all grew up together we were all close. Not our kids they don’t know their cousins like I did mine that’s why we get together now so we can keep in touch, and that’s sad because they have missed out on so much, and I don’t know how that happen with the 3rd and 4th generation of our family. I guess that is why it means so much to me I grew up with them and we are all friends. And we will continue to get together every month until there are none of us left. Our kids come to the lunches but not enough to get know each other. 4. Do you pass on to others what you know, or teach others? Well what crafts I do I have passed on to my granddaughters, just like my mother did, she taught my younger cousin to crochet, and other things. So I am doing the same thing, just like my husband is passing on what he knows about restoring an old car to our grandsons. I know some of my cousins are doing the same thing. I think you should pass on crafts and other thing that we know so they do not die out. 5. What do you do for recreation or leisure now? Well I love cards and still play cards with my friends we get together once or twice a week. My husband and I go to car shows all over the place. I love to go to flea markets and yard sells and will get my sister and we will do that. I still do crafts. I do ceramics, and will take my grandkids with me sometimes. I keep my days full; I am always busy doing something. 6. She and her husband still live in the same house that they have lived in for 45 years; it has 5 bedrooms, a den, living room, kitchen, and 3 baths. It is a brick home out in the country on the Westside of town. It is not out in the boonies like it use to be it is about 5 miles from USI (University of Southern Indiana) but it is not in the city. She still drives they both do, and goes everywhere, she still goes to social events that her and husband belong to. They are very civic minded. For her age she has not slowed down one little bit, she runs her errands goes to the store all on her own. I do not see her stopping what she is doing unless her health becomes an issue, but she has her children that will be there as well as her husband to take her or do for her at any time. As for as environmental issue even the weather does not slow her down, she takes everything in stride, she is not careless, but just has a positive attitude and will continue to do what she has been doing until she cannot do it any longer. She does not feel her age, she does realize how old she is but does not let that define her, she follows the old saying you are as old as you do feel. Part II – My cousin surprises me with her get up and go attitude, she is happy, and projects a very positive outlook for someone her age. She does not let being 72 stop her from doing the things that she has been doing for years. I am sure she has her down days everyone has those but I am sure not very often. She surprised me by all the things that she does in a week’s time, she actually works circles around me and I am her junior by 10 years, it does not seem to bother her that she has aged, she is happy with who and what she has become [ (Berger, 2011) ]. Her overall functioning is amazing; her memory and brain activity does not show any kind of slowing down on her part. When asked about her memories of what she did in the past the way she talked and relived them you would think that it happened yesterday, she is alert, and as total recall, she may have some cognitive problems but I didn’t witness any during the interview. According to our book it states the brain slows down as we reach old age. The elderly does not think as fast as a younger person. When talking with her, she did not have to sit and think about what or how she was going to answer the question there was no hesitation, her recall did not seem to have slowed down at all (Berger, 2011). Her appearance has changed from the blond/brown hair color to a all white color. Her skin is a good color, although it does show some saging under the eyes. She doesn’t wear makeup unless it’s some place required such as funerals etc. She is no more that 5’ 4† she is the shortess in our family and her weight for her size is right. She has no age spots, deep wrinkles, she also does not have the hump on her back like so many adults of her age. She wears reading glasses when she reads but doesn’t require glasses. Her vision has not changed much over the years (Berger, 2011). Her hearing is the same and she says it is better than most of her friends. After looking over the material in our book she is very healthy for a 72 year old women. She keeps activity, excercises, eats the right food, gets enough rest she seems to be doing everything right. Any improvements on what she is doing are very few, maybe slowing down a bit might be in order, but that’s not likely she has always been this way. She doesn’t take on more than she can handle. She is doing very well on keeping as little stress out of her life as she can (Berger, 2011). Talking to her was interesting and it was not as hard as I thought it might be. I am aware that not everyone will talk as freely as she did to me, but it was very imformative on finding out about someone by asking questions. Taking down the information and then writing it out. I noticed that while talking she was very relaxed, arms to her sides or laying loosely in her lap. She also appeared open to the whole interview, everything about her was open and relaxed, at the time I wasn’t aware I had been watching her in this manner until I went to transcribe my notes. I did it without thinking. I hope to follow her inspiring example. How to cite Interview with a Senior Citizen, Papers

Mr. Peter Woodland Case Study Analysis-Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Explain the terms Normocytic? Normochromic anemia, marked leucocytosis and marked thrombocytopenia. 2.Discuss about the Significance of the presence of numerous blast cells in Peters blood. Answers: 1.Normocytic?normochromic anemia is a form of anemia where the average hemoglobin content and size of the red blood cell are within the acceptable limits. A microscopic test of the red blood cells shows them to be normal cells. However, in other cases, there are variations in the shape and size of the cells, which act to equalize each other forming a standard value. The condition is caused by unrelated illness, which includes inflammatory diseases, malignant illness, and chronic infections, which leads to a reduction in the concentration of iron in the blood (Petrella, Bagot, Delaunay Muret, 2015). Marked leukocytosis refers to the white blood cells of equal or greater than 80% established neutrophils and equal or greater than 25, 000/microL by a dissimilar count. A higher percentage of leucocytes can be attributed to the kind of drugs being taken by an individual, bacterial infections, or cancer. However, the degree of elevation of the leucocytes can be a clear indicator of the extent of infections (Palmer, Rozenberg Machin, 2015). Marked thrombocytopenia refers to a low platelet count, which can be described as medically significant. Patients with less than 50,000 platelets/ micro-liter are more likely to experience spontaneous bleeding while those whose platelet count of less than 5000 experience severe spontaneous bleeding. In this case, thrombocytopenia results from the body producing fewer platelets or it destroys the platelets easily, which is caused by conditions like autoimmune disease and bacterial infections (Boyer, Guihard, SBerthon and Lestienne, 2016). 2.Blasts cells are usually found in the bone marrow. These cells are not fully developed, and thus, they do not perform any specific function in the body. The blast cells mature in the bone marrow; they begin to perform a certain set of functions. However, if there are numerous blast cells in the bone marrow, problems like anemia and leukemia start to occur which is as a result of too many white cells left as blast cells (Petrella, Bagot, Delaunay Muret, 2015). In this case, the percentage of the blast in Peters blood plays a significant role in the finding and characterization of myelodysplastic and acute leukemia disorders (MDS). The FrenchAmericanBritish (FAB) taxonomy requires a percentage of a blast of no less than 30% in bone marrow (BM) or periphery blood (PB) for the determination of obstinate anemia. In this case, it requires a particular percentage of the blast in blood to sub classify Peters condition as obstinate anemia (Shlush, Liran Zandi, 2014). According to Shetty, Mishra, and Hattiangady (2014), patients with 5% PB or 520% BM impacts are considered to have obstinate anemia, while those with more than or measure up to 5% PB or 2129% BM blasts have obstinate anemia in transformation. On the contrary, the World Health Organization (WHO) classification does exclude the obstinate anemia in transformation class, as it diminishes as far as possible for the finding of PB blasts. Thus, in the case of Peter with numerous blasts in h is blood, he is considered to have obstinate anemia, which needs immediate medical intervention (Yohe McKenna, 2014) References Boyer, T., Guihard, SBerthon, C., ... Roche-Lestienne, C. (2016). Tetraspanin CD81 is an adverse prognostic marker in acute myeloid leukemia.Oncotarget,7(38), 62377. Palmer, Rozenberg, G., ... Machin, S. J. (2015). ICSH recommendations for the standardization of nomenclature and grading of peripheral blood cell morphological features.International journal of laboratory hematology,37(3), 287-303. Petrella, T., Bagot, M., Delaunay, M., ... De Muret, A. (2015). Blastic NK-Cell Lymphomas (Agranular CD4+ CD56+ Hematodermic Neoplasms) A Review.American journal of clinical pathology,123(5), 662-675. Shetty, A. K., Mishra, V., Kodali, M., Hattiangady, B. (2014). Blood brain barrier dysfunction and delayed neurological deficits in mild traumatic brain injury induced by blast shock waves.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience,8. Shlush, Liran I., Sasan Zandi, (2014). "Identification of pre-leukemic hematopoietic stem cells in acute leukemia."Nature506, no. 7488 : 328. Yohe McKenna, R. W. (2014). Langerhans cell histiocytosis in acute leukemias of ambiguous or myeloid lineage in adult patients: support for a possible clonal relationship.Modern Pathology,27(5), 651.

Scope of Online Sales free essay sample

An increase in the use of websites for promotion of consumer products by organizations is expected. Organizations encourage visits to their websites by the use of integrated marketing communications However, while advertisements are quite popular and a big business on the Internet, sales promotions on the Internet have not caught up yet. The aim of this project is to provide better understanding on the use of sales promotions for consumer products in an online environment. In order to reach this purpose, research questions on the types of sales promotions used online, as well as describing the environment in which they existed, were stated. Based on these research questions, a review of the literature was conducted, resulting in a conceptual framework. This framework became the guide for this study’s data collection. A qualitative approach was used. Study was conducted on the background on an Electronics manufacturing company, Sunlit Electronics. Data was collected by interacting with dealers, customers and company’s website. We will write a custom essay sample on Scope of Online Sales or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The findings indicate that firm has not introduced online sales and online sale promotion activities through their website. Even though there is a lot of scope for the same. The firm is not using their website effectively. The study finds out that the Firm can ensure transactions security for online sales and provide playfulness in websites which make them more effective. The overall project findings says that the company has scope to introduce this new sales feature and use different sales promotion materials to increase their sales and make website effective, they do not use many of sales promotion types for online promotions. SALES PROMOTIONS Promotions should be considered in a broader context than simply price promotions and will include co-op advertising funds, display allowances to the trade, as well as display and feature advertising activity direct to the consumer. An appropriate promotional mix must be created in order to meet the promotional objectives of any given promotion strategy. The promotional mix is the combination of different promotional channels that is used to communicate a promotional message. This will involve an appropriate selection from the range of tools that are available for use as part Sales promotion (Rowley J. 1998). A significant sales impact has been shown that sales promotions are widely employed by manufacturers and retailers. Generally, each sales promotion tool is used to achieve a unique objective (Srinivasan, S. S. and Anderson, R. E. 1998). Various studies indicate that online sales promotions can lift offline sales time after time, whether the item in question is a food item, personal care or a household product. Furthermore, each campaign has typically brought in more than twice the amount that the company paid to advertise online. Sales promotions can offer many consumer benefits, the most obvious being monetary savings, although consumers also may be motivated by the desire for quality, convenience, value expression, exploration and entertainment (Kwak S. and Uncles M. 2005). Past studies of the effectiveness of consumer sales promotion have focused on monetary sales promotion. However, in practice, both monetary and non-monetary sales promotions are used widely. In assessing the effectiveness of sales promotions it is necessary to examine both types. In the UK by 2001, over a one third of adults who accessed the Internet also purchased goods or services through it (Harridge and March, 2004). This means, of course, that two-thirds do not shop online, and some writers cite uncertainty and/or risk as preventing consumers from doing so. Some companies have been criticized for apparently thinking that all Internet shoppers are the same, instead of realizing that there are many reasons why a customer may visit a site. On the one hand, the highly competitive marketplace compels marketers to increase their spending on the promotional mix. While at the same time promotional expenditures are being examined closely by top management as one of the most promising areas left for cutting costs and increasing profits. This heightened scrutiny puts intense pressure on marketers to develop and implement promotional programs that can add value to their corporations within the constraints of tighter budgets. Hence, there is a crucial need to re-examine how promotional dollars are spent. One promotional element attracting intense scrutiny is sales promotion which consists of a diverse collection of mostly short-term incentives designed to motivate consumers or the trade to purchase a product immediately and/or in larger quantities by lowering the price or adding value. (Srinivasan and Anderson 1998) New strategies for Internet marketing have been predicted to include new ways of targeting, focusing on benefits; product strategy emphasizing authenticity and promotion based on well-managed websites (Aldridge et al. 1997) researchers have shown that sales promotions lead to real long-run increases in sales and profits (Dhar and Hoch, 1996; Hoch et al. , 1994). In addition, different types of sales promotional tools can have different impacts on sales, profitability, and value added to the brand (March, 2004). Sales promotions are important marketing tools in today’s businesses. They command a greater portion of the marketing budget than advertisements (in consume r-packaged-goods business) (Kumar et al. , 1998). Marketing resources allocated to promotional tools represents a significant portion of a firm’s total communication efforts. For instance, in the USA sales promotion investments amount to nearly 30 percent of what firms spend on advertising alone (d’Astous and Jacob, 2002). In many European countries, sales promotion expenditures are larger than advertising expenditures. However, while advertisements are quite popular and a big business on the Internet, sales promotions on the Internet have not caught up yet. Part of the reason is that an advertisement is purely informational with no exchange value.

Role Pastoral Women in Income Generating Activities Essays

Role Pastoral Women in Income Generating Activities Essays Role Pastoral Women in Income Generating Activities Essay Role Pastoral Women in Income Generating Activities Essay Ethiopia is a country covered by 60% in Pastoral areas and around 15% of the total population living in pastoral areas and also 95% of the total livestock population were living in pastoral areas. People living in pastoral areas have a limited access in to the human health, and education services, pastoral areas have very poor communications also lack the basic services in addition, the pastoral communities livelihoods are harshly endangered by livestock illness, drought and adverse conditions of trade (PICP, 2002). Shinile Zone is located south eastern part of the Ethiopian countryamd one of the nine governmental zones of Somali Regional State. It occurs the northern part Somali of the Region, it borders with Somalia (Somaliland) on the southern, Djiboutiin the north eastern , Oromia and Dire dawa on the south Jijiga Zone on the southeast, and Afar Region on the west. The population of the zones livelihoods are mainly depends on livestock and livestock’s product. There is also a important quantity of trade activity and there is also a little amount of crop production in the southern part – n livestock and imported goods The Pastoral population of the zone covers the largest area in shinile zone , which is the total population of zone is around 85% . In shinile district pastoral community is about 90% of the population; The rest of the population are mostly occupied in Agro pastoralism. while a small minority (less than 5%) are involved in business activities in town or commercial centres. Pastoralists in Shinile district were affected constantly by recurrent drought for last two decades. These recurrent droughts pose a severe challenge on livestock rearing activities: the main livelihood of the pastoral communities was depending on the livestock and livestock products. The droughts caused the decrease of livestock and live death which in turn negatively affected the incomes from the livestock. As a result, pastoral mens were not fulfill their role as a household provider from livestock rearing, whereas the pastoralist women cover most of the activities the to accomplish both role men and women to generate the income of the household and also giving food and family needs . lthough, women are the back bone of family involvement In income generating activities in arrange to make extra revenue for the household, it is not well defined what is the degree of the women participation in such income earning activity affects the role of women and responsibilities in the pastoralist livelihood system. This research studies will design to recognize how women’s participati on in income Generating activities affects responsibilities and gender roles in Shinile district. 2. Critical Review Methodologies Messay Tegegne(2012) is the author of research paper titled by An Assessment on the Role of Women in Agriculture in Southern Nation Nationality People’s Region: The Case Of Halaba Special Woreda, Ethiopia. This researcher was use the following methods and collection and data analysis in his research The research question of the researcher was 1. What do women and men do in agricultural activities and when, where, and when activities take place? 2. Who has access to control over resource and decision making in agricultural activities? 3. What is the socio-economic factors that hinder the role of women in agricultural activities? . what is the role women in agriculture activities ? The researcher’s method of the data collection was gathered by the primary sources and secondary sources. The primary data was gathered exactly from the target respondents using questionnaires and interviews and group discussion with focus groups. Secondary data was collected through review of related literatures the main data collection tools used was interview schedule from the community and the grass root level leader it was contained close ended questions, some open ended and structured questions also used. nd analyzed by the SPSS Software, The research article of the Elizabeth Tesfaye Haile(2008) which is titled by: Gender Role and Pastoralist Women’s Involvement In Income Generating ActivitiesThe Case of Women Firewood Sellers in Shinile District, Somali Region, Ethiopia. She has been used her research on the following procedures The set of her research questions was 1, what is the impact of women’s involvement in firewood sales as an income Generating activity on gender roles and responsibilities among pastoralists in 2. What are the effects of pastoral women in income generating activies on gender role? 3. What are the task of the pastoral men and women in shinile district? 4. What is the gender responsibility in pastoralist in shinile district? The Method of data collection Both primary and secondary data’s were utilized in this research paper primary data was gathered tools such as semi-structured interviews, focused group discussions, and observation were employed. Secondary data also reviewed with the related literature topics such as books and journals. And it was analyzed by the qualitative analysis. Marco Rangil Escribano is also other author research paper titled by: Participation of rural women in income generating activities (iga): constraints and opportunities. The case of lay gayint district (amhara region, ethiopia). The researcher was followed the following steps in his research RESEARCH Question What are constraints and opportunities that are faced to engage in income generating activities Lay Gayintdistrict ? Method of data collection The data was collected by using tools of Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA): interviews with key informants, mapping, transect walks. Focus group discussion and data was analyzed T-test, Chi-square test, Logit Model and qualitative method of the data analysis. Eneyew and Mengistu (2013): Double Marginalized Livelihoods: Invisible Gender Inequality in Pastoral Societies The main research question of the researcher were What are the causes of gender inequality in (agro-) pastoral societies? What is the extent of gender inequality in terms of selected socio-economic variables The methodologies of their data collection and analysis used was the Primary data collection were followed by the Harvard gender analysis framework and analyzed by Descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, percentage, t-test, and chi square test were used Data analysis was conducted using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16. NKHONJERA(2011): is the author paper The Role Of Women’s Empowerment On Agricultural Development In Malawi Research question of the paper is 1. What is the importance of the women participation in agricultural development? Under this question there are many sub question addressed in this research such as 2. What are the barriers to women participation in agricultural development? 3. Is the national policy restrain or promote women’s participation in agriculture? This research paper is used in secondary data adequately utilized the literature that are already available Relevant sources from, academic literature, articles, journals reports, conventions policy documents, and laws were reviewed by critically assessing the diverse issues that are in line with women’s participation. The paper does not have a primary data flied observation and it was simply used by generalization of the secondary datas obtained by reviewing different topics relate to his research topic. MOHAMMED A. the title of the study was: The Role of Microfinance in Strengthening Pastoral Household Food Security Research questions 1. What are the roles of micro finance in food insecure household and impact of their income generation? 2. What is the role of women controlled income sources? Method of data collection and analysis Primary data collection was used by interview, questionaire and structured and semi structured methods. The data gathered from the was analyzed and presented in the different fomrs. Such tabulat form,graphics,percentage and figures form . besides to this, it was analyzed using mean,mode and measures of central tendencies and dispersions with the help of the â€Å"Statistical Program for Social Sciences† SPSS software. 3. Objective of the Research Proposal The main objective of the paper is to classify the role of pastoral women’s involvement in incone generating activities and propose the feasible convenient pastoral womenprograms, and to show the top level managements and decision and policy maker at the Woreda and region,to tackle the problem therefore they may take advice and include strategies in the rural development planning the Specific objectives are:- * To assess the degree nd way of the pastoral women’s are generating income at househol level * To know the way of the pastoral women are supporting their families * To identify the income generating activity on pastoral gender roles and responsibilities. * To the extents of the women has acess to resource over the control in household level 4. Research Question 1. What are the roles of pastoral women in income generating activities at household level? 2. What is the effect pastoral women’s involvement in income generating activities in gender role? 3. Who has acees to control over resource and decision making in household level? .. METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH In this research proposal detail description of the study area and method of the study approach, source of the data collection and data anlysises. Description of the study area The study will be conduct in shinile wareda of the Somali regional state shinile is the one of the six eight wareda of the Somali region it is located in northern part of the region it is bounded hadhigala district , the western part in dire dawa eastern part in dhambal district and the western part I oromia. Research strategy The study will be both qualitative and quantitave method data collection. he primary data will be conduct directly from respondents using simple questionnaires, case study and group discussion with focus groups. Secondary data will be collect through theories and review of related literatures such as articles,journals,books and internets. Quantitative m ethod Quantitative research is data obtained on field by using structured questionnaire, interview, that are designed and it will include different topicwhich is related in the role of the women in income generating activities. Some basic information will be collect from the respondents such s demographic and socio-economic situation pf the pastoral women and any necessary things. Qualitative method In this method of redearch is mostly concentrated on the role of women in income generating activities in the research area. The data will gather through focus group discussions and interviews by using interview and discussion guides. Secondary data will be gather from reviewing related literature and Sectoral offirces such as Woreda Agriculture office, microfinance office, Women’s Affairs The discussion will undertake to collect information from relevant bodies Involving on actual implementation of the role of women. Sampling Techniques After identification of the primary data collection tools which is interviews ,focused group discussions, semi-structured and observation will employ and randomly sampling will be select the case study with four focus group discussion will held . each of the group will will ten in numbers to carry out gender study as a means to identify the role of pastoral women In income generating activities, access and control. It will carry out the discussion for men and women separately in order to allow women to speak freely. The data also will arrange and give coding make easier analysis and finally thr write up will be done. Method of the data analysis Qualitative and quantitative raw datas collecred from the field will arranged by using coding and process based on the research questions of the methodological research the gathered data will arrange and it will give codes and process to analyze by using simple Descriptive statistical analysis such as mean, mode, standard direferent statistic tools such as Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16. And finally interpretation will be done after the entry and analysis. 6. Refferences An Assessment On The Role Of Women In Agriculture In Southern Nation Nationality People’s Region: The Case Of Halaba Special Woreda, Ethiopia available at http://cgspace. cgiar. org/bitstream/handle/10568/29021/Thesis_MessayTegegne. pdf? sequence=1accessed 27/7/2013 Double Marginalized Livelihoods: Invisible Gender Inequalityin Pastoral Societies Adugna Eneyew 1,* and Sileshi 2 Mengistu available athttp://edepot. wur. nl/969 accessed 27/7/2013, Gender Role and Pastoralist Women’s Involvement In Income Generating Activities The Case of Women Firewood Sellers in Shinile District, Somali Region, Ethiopia available at http://edepot. ur. nl/969 accessed 26/7/2013. Participation of rural women in income generating activities (iga): constraints and opportunities. The case of lay gayint district (amhara region, ethiopia). Available at dppc. gov. et/downloadable/reports/Early_warning/DRR%20DAY-2012/PARTICIPATION%20OF%20RURAL%20WOMEN%20IN%20INCOME%20GENERATING%20ACTIVITIES. pdf a ccessed 26/7/2013 The Role Of Women’s Empowerment On Agricultural Development In Malawi available athttp://search. babylon. com/? q=Household+food+security+and+women%27s+pivotal+role+in+the+context+to+market+oriented+agricultural+devt. amp;babsrc=HP_ssamp;s=webamp;rlz=0amp;as=0amp;ac=0 accessed 12/7/2013 The title of the study was: The Role of Microfinance in Strengthening Pastoral Household Food Securityavialable at pcdp. gov. et/Docs/Research/PCDP%20publications%20and%20research%20reports/The%20Role%20of%20Microfinance%20in%20food%20security%20of%20pastoral%20household. pdf aceesed 28/7/3024 Annex1 University of Greenwich Questionnaire on The Role of Pastoral Women in Income Generating Activities: The Case Shinile District Somali Region, Ethiopia. Name of the interviewer: ____________________Date of interview: ________________ Name your of Kebele: ________________________Questionnaire: ___________________ I. Personal information 1. Name of the respondent:__________________________ 2. Age-_________________ 3. Sex: Male Female 4. Marital status: MarriedSingle Divorced Widowed 5. Religion: MuslimOrthodox CatholicProtestant Others (Specify):_____________ 6. Your Educational background No education Primary education Secondary other Religious education 7. Do you have children and if yes _____ . 1 how many____________ 8. Total household members:___________________ 9. What is the age and sex structure of your households Age | Male | Female | Total | lt;5 years| | | | 5-15 years| | | | 16-30 years | | | | 31-45 years| | | | 46-65 years| | | | gt;65 years| | | | | | | | 10. what is your Employment status Unemployed Professional/non manual Manual (skilled/unskilled) business - - 11. what is your main source of income? 1. 2The women†™s contribution to household expenditure None/almost none Less than half About half More than half All 13. list the main activities done the women as a an income generating activities? a. ___________________ b,__________________________ c ________________________ d. ________________________ e. ____________________ II. Household property possession and wealth 14, how many livestock you owned ? _______________________ 15. How many livestock do you have? ___________ 15. How did you obtain these animals? 1. by legacy 2. through marriage 3. through gift of our relatives 4. Other means 16. who has a duties and responsibities of the livestock rearing? ____________________________________________ 17,what is the time to spend for livestock keeping and rearing in per day? ________________________________________ 18. do you do any other activities rather than livestockkeeping ? if yes what kind of activity ? what do you get ? __________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 18. How is your participation in decision making on income expenditure? 1/ I always decide on my own 2/ I am involved in decision making 3/ I get information only after decision is made by my husband 4/ I sometimes decide by my own and my husband decide on his own at other time 5/ I have equal say on income expenditure 19. Are there any incidences that you overtake women’s assigned duties in livestock Production or domestic tasks after women’s engagement in the income generating? 20. In general, what changes have you experienced in your livelihood as a result of women’s involvement in firewood sales? VI. Guideline for Focus group session with women pastoralists This question are a group discussion questionnaires that are designed by a group of people . which are mixed both men and women with equal in a members it contains four groups each focus group discussion contains ten members which is five men and five in women and it will asks same question in each of the team member members with equal opportunity discussion will be separated in men and women in order to allow womens to participate freely without feeling fear from their mens because culture and religion are imiting the womens participation in such discussions . this focus group discussions will give more attension or enphasises on women because of women’s income generating activities in pastoral areas were yet not defined . more of this questions were deigned to know the extent of the pastoral women are participating the income generation. What are the jobs and actions of pastoralists in livestock production, domest ic Reproduction and community work? -how many houra are spend womens for income generating activities per day? What are ways of the women managing the selling activities inlivestock production and domestic reproduction in given day? * How the pastoral womens share their dailly activities in domesticor reproduction or production in your areas? -To what intra-household resources (Livestock, land, money etc) those pastoralist men and women have access? * What is the ways of the pastoral womens involvement in the income generating activities? * Can Pastorals womens are use or buy livestock to get un income generating activities ? f yes whygt; * Do the women are spend their income from the income generating activities I n other resources /non animals household resources like food,clothes ,houde utility. etc? if yes why? * To what degree womens acces to control their income from income generating activities selling? * Does women income generating activities helps their family ? if yes what extent ? what extents women’s control their income over resource? * In conclusion,what is happened whe n women involvements occurred in the gender activities or access to control over resource? Are it is improved or deteriorated†

Business Continuity Planning Pros and Cons

Business Continuity Planning Pros and Cons Advantages and Disadvantages of Business Continuity Planning In a Financial Organization under the Incident Command System Abstract This research paper is primarily focused on highlighting the specific pros and cons of a business continuity plan that is used in a financial organization under the incident management system. The advantages associated with the use of incident command systems in a BCP in any financial organization are paramount including being able to install preventive and corrective measures that can either reduce partial or complete impact in cases of disruptions. However still there exist some cons associated with its usage i.e. fast amounts of time required for its implementation, asset acquisition and in most cases the size of the organization might hinder the implementation of an incident command system. Introduction A business continuity plan is very critical in the facilitation of the smooth running of the organization or guidelines that can help reco ver from disruptions hence ensuring the provision of services even in cases of disturbances. The process focuses on assessment and identification of all the potential threats that might disrupt service delivery and their potential impacts with the aim of creating measures to ensure the resilience of the system. Technology should enable recovery of applications from disruptions and other critical data through the disaster recovery plan. An incident command system is the technical developments for a given company that entails its main functionality being to mitigate the impacts of the unforeseen incidents that can result in loss of critical data. Business continuity planning are corrective measures established in an organization or an institution to govern the daily and future activities within it (Ramakrishnan et al., 2015). These measures are for ensuring that there is smooth running of the necessary activities. Failure to establish the plan could lead to the company collapsing, l ow profit in the day to day sales or even shut down of the business which is a big loss to the business. Business continuity planning should be done to any organization that takes its customers or clients seriously. Continuous planning takes the owner of the business miles ahead of the other competitors within the same field (Heng, 2015). Advantages I. During planning the potential of the business booming up is established plus the possible weaknesses and challenges the company might face are outlined and effective solution are established in advance. II. The main advantage that any financial institution stands to gain from the use of an incident command system is the ability to identify potential threats and plan in advance hence avoiding suspension of critical financial operations. The threats might range from natural epidemics, cyber-attacks or just computer failures as a result of hardware or software issues. III. The financial organization has increased abilities to mai ntain effective coordination and to maintain the response directions. Besides, the organization can gain insights on the importance of coordination of resources and the ability to identify the incident priorities. IV. The financial institution has a good platform for testing and reviewing the most likely threat hence allowing for coordination of BCP with external stakeholders. V. The long-term use of incident command systems is an advantage in itself as it leads to gaining of experience hence I the long run will lead to higher efficiency in restoration and fast recoveries. However, the full implementation becomes a disadvantage as it is time-consuming. VI. The financial section of the organization if it implements the recovery systems well can work as a competitive advantage as it safeguards against financial losses of the organization VII. Although this is later on stipulated as a disadvantage, it can still be an advantage. Incident command system can be used to accomplish tasks that people couldn’t do in disaster – prone areas hence preventing payment disorder whereas reducing the risks associated with miscommunication between the responder. VIII. Embracing the current evolution computing technology brings efficient fast and timely delivery of the service given by the organization. This can help in record keeping and monitor the business activities. IX. Business continuity planning helps one in marking the best insurance cover that matches the criteria of business. The cover is of great help in case of disasters like fire or thefts or any other disaster that could strike the organization. X. Business continuity planning helps one building best platforms for marketing and branding of the business and products.one is in a position to establish the effective and most suitable mode of reaching out that is fault tolerant and can assure customers of uninterrupted service delivery. XI. The target audience is created. He/she is in a pos ition to outline the reach people or group one is aiming at. This helps one avoid going out of the set individuals. Disadvantages Failure to do business continuity planning one is at a significant risk of either: I. The implementation process is often considered as tedious hence requiring professionals to handle it. Besides the organization has to employ qualified personnel to handle that. No business intends to invest heavily in preparing for unknown threats as they rather wait for it to happen then defend (Systems, 2012). II. The process of using incident command systems as a business continuity planning tool is both costly and time-consuming. This may lead to over investment of funds that could have otherwise been dedicated to other business operations. III. Business collapsing or failure that is as a result of poor management skills, techniques, and evaluation techniques. Hence, one is not in a position to establish the coming danger and ends up regretting the already outcome. IV. The death of individuals could occur after the fire, building collapsing where the insurance covers have been ignored, have not been implemented by professionals or due to lack of adequate testing of the possible scenarios. Conclusions The implementation of a business continuity plan through incident command systems has been faced with numerous advantages and disadvantages. Some of the benefits include; response, recognition of threats, competitive benefits, coordination mechanisms, experience and an excellent testing platform with the option testing and reviewing. The main disadvantages include the need for specialized skills in handling the recovery systems. In addition to this, small businesses cannot implement the system as this may result in losses through maintenance cost. However, analysis of the pros and cons suggests that the advantages outweigh the disadvantages. All this indicates the importance for all financial institutions to implement the incident c ommand system as part of the business continuity plan (Drennan, 2014). References Drennan, L., McConnell, A., & Stark, A. (2014). Risk and crisis management in the public sector . 2 nd ed. Routledge Taylor & Francis Group London and New York. Heng, Goh Moh. (2015) â€Å"Business Continuity Management Planning Methodology†. International Journal Of Disaster Recovery And Business Continuity , vol 6, 2015, pp. 9-16. Science And Engineering Research Support Society , doi:10.14257/ijdrbc.2015.6.02. Ramakrishnan, R. K., & Viswanathan, S. (2015). The Importance of Business Strategy in Business Continuity Planning. The Definitive Handbook of Business Continuity Management, 31-35. doi:10.1002/9781119205883.ch3 Systems, S. (2012) The CEO’s Guide to Succession Planning: Managing Risk & Ensuring Business Continuity. SSRN Electronic Journal . http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1633523

Security Service Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Security Service - Essay Example The next, MI6 is charged with the responsibility of ensuring that the country is protected from external aggression and is constituted by the Intelligence service; this also undertakes overseas espionage as well as ensuring that the country has no spies. The security service as seen is the present body is charged with the responsibility of ensuring the security of the UK citizens. The formation of which is the subject of this study is highly associated with apparent and not actual threat to the people of this great Kingdom. (Andrew 1987) Political thinkers, social scholars and philosophers have argued that the need for a security body is not because there exists a situation but because there is need to handle a likely situation. The possibility of a likely situation is what brings in the element of imagination. To further support this, the human nature is naturally characterised by anxiety and pursuit of the future. Because the future is not certain, there is need to make some kind of projections which are greatly based on the current situations. (Knighteley 1986) These projections are the bases of future preparations or measures where an individual makes required adjustments to eliminate the chances of surprise or simply to help increase chances of preparedness. This is the foundations of the security service where the government officers sought to ensure that the country was prepared for the unforeseen circumstances in the future. The way to prepare was on the bases of the situations that the country faced at the time and which showed a tendency to recur in the future. (Knighteley 1986) This activity had characterised the world in a way that it seemed an unsafe world as nations sought to prove their superiority and military prowess by conquering other nations. It should be noted that this was not necessarily a threat on the United Kingdom but a global trend which did not suggest a continuation of the same. However, anticipation and need for preparedness forced the nation governance to devise a way to react to these situations when the time came. (Andrew 1987) This was more imaginary than actual as it was an anticipated situation and not the real matter affecting the nation at the time. Therefore, when we also talk of imaginary, it is important to indicate it is informed in the imagination and not a dream from thin air that is conceptualised and converted into an institution such as the Security Service. The following is the information one gathers as you review the past information that led to the formation of the Security Service. (Knighteley 1986) First, there was a triggering measure that was not necessarily in action on the country but was a situation that happened around the country which was viewed to either cause similar effects on the United Kingdom or drag the nation into these struggles. Though history indicates that the United Kingdom was among the nations that participated in these early struggles of power, it was not until the middle 18th century that it became a considerable force. (Knighteley 1986) Earlier on, countries such as Portugal had considerable might and had dominated overtime. Therefore, it is not proper to think of Britain at the time as a force due to the fact that was pointed out earlier. The presence of the triggering factor led the countries into preparing for future similar situations in

Strategic Corporate Finance. All about IPOs Essay

Strategic Corporate Finance. All about IPOs - Essay Example Another option is to raise capital from the public. A corporation is a legal entity separate from the lives of its owners and if conditions are favorable, it can raise capital through an Initial Public Offering (IPO) in the equity market or alternatively through issuing bonds in the debt market. Obviously the public response would depend on the viability of the company, its future prospects and line of business, as well as the reputation and business acumen of its management. Types of IPOs, Advantages & Risks Generally speaking, at the present time there are two options as to how an IPO can be made. The first, as indicated above, is to make a public offering so that all interested investors can read the prospectus and apply for the shares through the stock market. However nowadays things are a little bit more complicated as the IPO is usually conducted by investment banking firms in return for commissions and fees. One of them acts as an underwriter, guaranteeing to take up all share s not applied for. This helps the company raise the required capital regardless of the amount of public response. An underwriting fee is charged as per agreement made with the IPO company. With the large size of corporate entities and the phenomenal sums involved in share flotation, it is not surprising that there could be a number of investment firms involved in the IPO process and they then direct the flow of ownership to popular and moneyed entities so that initial funds to the firm are ensured. However this could lead to lack of diverse ownerships and control problems in later years. The second option in vogue today- and that chosen by Google and Morning Star- is to raise initial capital through an open auction process. As can be imagined, almost anyone interested in bidding can do so by applying for the minimum amount of shares offered in a lot. This can truly diversify ownership as there is no telling who will make a bid for shares (Carter, 2005). It is then up to the registra r to decide who gets the final allotment of shares. However a competitor or an unscrupulous individual or firm may also get hold of a sizeable number of shares this way, so it sometimes makes sense to use the services of investment banks. It could cost a little more to organize road shows, seminars and the like to get people interested, but in the long run more diverse ownership in the hands of the public is guaranteed. It also leads to greater liquidity and the company may not have to resort to stock splits later to dilute values and promote marketability and capitalization (Rao, 2011). A Brief History of Avaya Avaya is a spinoff of Lucent Technologies. Lucent Technologies is itself a spinoff from AT&T. Alcatel-Lucent is the parent company of Bell Laboratories, and like Bell, Avaya is also involved in providing networking, communications and information technology solutions to its worldwide customers. It is considered by experts to be a world leader in hardware maintenance, enterpr ise messaging, range audio conferencing, operating a contact center and using Unified Communications and Enterprise Telephony. The company was created in 2000. It is headquartered in New Jersey, USA. Avaya has offices in 145 countries (Avaya Group, 2011). Since its creation, Avaya has successfully bid for a number of companies such as Tenovis, Nortel, Ubiquity Systems, Sipera Systems and Aurix. The company is at present privately owned by TPG Capital and Silver Lake Partners, who acquired it on 26 October 2007 for $8.2

Transitions Essay Example for Free

Transitions Essay Transitions are changes that take place in our life; changes that move us from one stage to another, for example from being single to being married, or from being unemployed to being in work. Children go through lots of transitions from 0-19years birth itselffrom milk to solidsfrom crawling to walkingfrom being fed to feeding ourselvesfrom nappies to being trainedbecoming self awareable to be cared for by othersgoing to nurserygoing to school developing new skills. nd college or work home to early childcare when the child is getting ready for going to a childminder or nursery then the John Bowlby Attachment theory helps as it can be difficult for children to separate from there parents so it its important to let them know that everything is fine and that they are loved moving on to primary school this is a big transition because they are moving into full time school so its a good to introduce them to the teacher a few times before starting as this get the use to a new face and classr oom some schools let the children have a morning with the teacher before they that start the class. Moving on to secondary school each school is different some schools let the the children have a have a full day at the new school other schools let them have a week of moving around the school its important that the children are told what is happening at that a familiar face is there to help with the transition. Moving on to college,employment or training there are many different agencies there is connections for teenagers where they can get support and advice for careers that they want or at college there is a student service that will help. any children can deal with a particular change unaffected but for some children find the divorce or a death a life changing experience. children need to have a positive relationship during periods of transition as they need to feel secure in other areas of their lives. Each child is different some children may want to talk about the transition so its important to make the time for them. If there is enough time to prepare the child or children for the transition then it will help them when the time comes. Some children’s behaviour may change for example the child may become quiet and withdrawn may show signs of uncharacteristic behaviour or become attention seeking The child’s development may also become affected lack of motivation avoiding social contact or regressing All of these transitions present the child with challenges. Of course, the child doesn’t usually have to go through the transitions on his own, he will be supported by those around him at home or in day care, or in education. However, the experience of going through the transition will depend on the kind of response and support he gets from those around him. We must also keep in mind the fact that a child’s early experiences of transitions will have a big effect on how he handles transitions at later stages of his life.

Feeling Sympathy for Gertrude and Rhoda in The Withered Arm, by Thomas

Feeling Sympathy for Gertrude and Rhoda in The Withered Arm, by Thomas Hardy The Withered arm is typical of Hardy's novellas, as it is a tragedy. It involves two main characters, Rhoda and Gertrude. Rhoda and Gertrude both have their own different problems that the must face. Rhoda and Gertrude become friends after they first meet. Rhoda had an illegitimate child to farmer lodge who marries Gertrude. Before Rhoda and Gertrude meet Rhoda does not know what Gertrude is like so is bitter about the idea of her marrying farmer lodge who hardy hints Rhoda is still in love with. Rhoda is described to be old before her age and works as a milkmaid. She receives no help in the upbringing of the boy she had with farmer lodge so she works hard to care for him. The other milkmaids talk about her and they start to talk about the subject of farmer lodges new wife. This part makes you feel some sympathy for Rhoda as she is being talked about when she is still there. Because of the times Rhoda was not at all respected for bringing up a child on her own but instead she was treated as a social outcast. No one seemed to blame farmer Lodge for what had happened. The other milkmaids will think nothing of talking about her business when she is there. This makes you feel sympathy for Rhoda because in this day and age the farther would be forced to help at least financially with the upbringing of his son and Rhoda would be respected for her hard work in bringing up a child on her own. Rhoda is curious about the new wife and sends her son of to "check her out", as it would be. She wants to know what his new wife is like. Hardy gives the impression that Rhoda is jealous of the new wife or a least angry that he is taking a new... ...ge says that he is away on holiday. You feel sorry at her desperation as she is only doing this so farmer lodge will like her for her physical beauty but she does not seem to mind. The body that she touches happens to be Rhoda's son and farmer Lodge is with her. You feel sorry for both the women equally as much at the end of the story but for different reasons. Rhoda has had her whole life taken away from her however little it was and Gertrude has now died as a result of trying to improve her physical beauty. In conclusion I think that you can not feel more sympathy towards either woman as they are both in the same boat and it is because of each other that they had so much grief and hardship. If they had nether met or had anything to do with each other then they would not have been like they were. It was all a matter of situation and circumstances.

History and counseling psychology Essay

When we study human behavior, specifically focusing on the development of personality and crucial to how a person or individual conducts him/herself, psychology offers a variety of dimensions. The concept of personality is central to our attempt to understand ourselves and others and is part of the way in which we account for the differences that contribute to our individuality. Psychologists have been particularly concerned with shaping of the personality in relation to genetic and environmental influences. We have been fortunate that the study of human personality has been thriving and fruitful. We can choose from as many models we can to help us see ourselves better and maintain good relationships (Fall et al. , 2003). Behavior is described and analyzed. On this basis, an attempt to predict behavior is possible, and although this may not thoroughly and completely be accomplished in some endeavors, the basic understanding then is that there are certain expectations concerning how any person would act or decide upon things that are within his conscious awareness. Psychology is of great importance to man since psychological problems are common to group relations, in whatever framework a person or group of individuals come from (Fall et al. , 2003). Black, feminist, and cross-cultural psychologies depart from traditional psychology as these are expansions of the classic approaches but are reflective of more distinct and culturally sensitive perspectives that need to be incorporated. The relevance of integrating such approaches is timely since these have never been thought of before as pertinent hence, timely implementation of these theoretical perspectives is then appreciated (Fall et al. , 2003; Hamm, 1989). It is by separately labeling and providing a distinct area for each of these approaches much the same as their predecessors, and pointing to their current applications that makes this incorporation in the new course interesting and exciting. Due to the increasing technological breakthroughs, communication has never before as quick or speedy and as available as it is now, implying the accessibility of the approaches being introduced as readily as possible. The internet is a visible proof for this fact. At one’s fingertips, materials can be had that even very remote villages or cities in third world countries may be able to see the relevance of the approaches according to their contexts (Hamm, 1989). With this in mind, the application of these viewpoints in one’s role as teacher involves a deeper understanding in those populations that are particularly addressed in the theoretical viewpoints provided (Gloria & Lewis, 1986). As a practitioner on the other hand, the new set of formally accepted perspectives enhances one’s profession in a sense that a new way of looking at individuals and their culture are acceptable already and thus is a welcome addition to the depth of knowledge and insights of human behavior (Aguirre & Turner, 1995; Boisnier, 2003).

Censorship: Friend or Foe?

While some will make the argument that it depends on the authority of a child, some children mature less quickly than others. There's no way of telling who can handle the material until it's too late. Censoring in the beginning is like a safety net to make sure nothing offensive is being said. On the other hand, a high school student should be mature enough to handle anything that is thrown their way. By the time they get to that age, they already know a good handful of the stuff that administrators are trying to censor.Offensive topics eke racism, sexual contact, rape, and homosexuality may be contained in the book being read, but In all reality, there is nothing more real to the book than there Is to a scary movie. President Obama said â€Å"censorship Includes teaching our children the truth about history and this country, which Is not currently done, since the education department Is a tool of the Liberal and their revolutions history to convert our country into communist societ y. Meaning censorship could be depriving children of the ability to learn about not only their country and government, as it seemingly being said here, but about the world and how it functions. As anyone could say, censorship is as easy a topic as politics or religion, there are so many different ways to look at it. In one hand there is the fact that some people are not mature enough to handle some of the points being made, and some of the things being said. While in the other hand, there is the fact that censoring a book of things that a child already knows is shielding them from something they have en before.In response to both opinions, children are all maturing at different rates, the way of knowing who can handle such harsh topics and Ideas is only In the minds of the children. Censorship Is not helping, nor depriving the children of today. It's Just a movement to try to protect the feelings of different beliefs. Censorship should be decided by the parents. As at C. J. H. , the children were given an option to read The Kite Runner: by Exhaled Houses, or Lord of the Flies: by William Gilding, leaving the anal option to the parents of the children by sending a permission slip home.

Liberec, a city in the north of Czech republic essays

Liberec, a city in the north of Czech republic essays Liberec is situated in a valley between the Jizera Mountains and the Jested Ridge. The Nisa River runs through it. The Town Hall lies 373m above the sea level. The town has population about 100 000 inhabitants and occupies the area of nearly 115 square km. From its foundation (the first written report about the village, concerning paying elevenses to the Pope, comes from 1352), Liberec was gradually developing as a trade and crafts centre of regional importance. When the house of Biberstein died out, the Liberec manor was bought by the Redern family in 1558. Thanks to this purchase, Liberec started to change its parochial character. It gained the status of a town in 1577. First linen and dealers and drapers settled here. First stone buildings- the Castle, the Church of St. Anthony and the renaissance Town Hall (pulled down in 1893) grew up among wooden houses. Albrecht of Wallenstein continued in the Redern tradition. He founded the New Town and supported further development of textile crafts. The ground plan of the Sokolovske Square and timbered houses in Vetrna Street remind us of Albrechts age even today. The sufferings of the Thirty Years War reflected in Liberec only after his death, when the Swedish and imperial troops came here in turn. The order prohibiting construction of wooden houses in 1807 led to the rapid rebuilding of the town centre. Also the road connection with the rest of the world improved in the first half of the 19th century and a railway was introduced here in 1859. Liberec was already the second most populous town in Bohemia. Its importance was further elevated by a special statue from 1850 and by the fact that it became a seat of higher state offices and institutions. Economic power was represented by Trade and Commercial Chamber, cultural and social importance was intensified by the existence of the theatre (since 1820) and by the activity of various associations. Great attention was pa...

Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 146

Discussion - Essay Example form of confessional poetry rich in poetic styles and brought out the sensational part of her life and the real life of many individuals (Burdescu, 2013). Although there are some ethical issues in Anne’s bibliography, Anne’s work can help many people who are in a similar state of depression and on the verge of committing suicide. In fact, the biography has increased the significance of her artwork and many people are interested in reading and understanding her work more than before. The description of Anne’s hard work as she writes a poem after another is quite encouraging to readers and other people as it stresses the value of hard work. Anne turned to writing to avoid killing herself something that is quite interesting to readers and other people in a similar situation. Engaging in something useful helps one to avoid engaging in certain vices, which has led to greater appreciation of her work. Despite the evils of her sexual and alcoholic life, her book won many praises and a national book award in the biography category as it depicted the actual life experiences that many people go through. Anne’s bibliography increased her creative endeavors and influenced many to read her poems appreciating the poetic

The Question is in the Instruction part Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Question is in the Instruction part - Essay Example This shows that despite the complete strangeness of a new and alien activity which initially seems incompatible to the inherent nature of Mole, the willingness to try it proves to be beneficial to him. Mole takes a splash into the water due to his excitement but he does not give up the idea of boating as incompatible to him. He perseveres and overcomes the incompatibility of his first encounter with boating. Grahame explains the different behaviors of the animals as belonging to the quaint culture called the animal-etiquette and not as incompatible elements thrown together. (Grahame 2004, p.10, 12). The narrative attributes certain behaviors to the unique animal culture when it says; 'The Rat hummed a tune, and the Mole recollected that animal-etiquette forbade any sort of comment on the sudden disappearance of one's friends at any moment, for any reason or no reason whatever.' (Grahame 2004, p.12). This mirrors the human society that is comprised of people from all walks of life. They are so different as to seem incompatible but yet co-exist in an interweaved mesh that allows for divergence and privacy. Grahame has put together a diverse set of characters that seem incompatible but they are consistent with the diversity that is present in the human population. The animals are the allegories that parallel humans. Grahame uses the setting of the River Bank and Wild Wood because it allows a diverse environment in which he can have a variety of animals and Silvey says; 'Not only is it a nostalgic evocation of the English countryside and a way of life that he felt was under threat, but in the characters of Rat and Mole we can detect aspects of himself.' (Silvey 1995, p. 87). Silvey also says that Grahame depicts human characters in the guise of animals. The rat and mole experience life in much the same way as humans. They enjoy comradeship, boating and a picnic. They exhibit some human traits. The rat is kind to the mole and forgives him for making a complete fool of himself in the water. Furthermore, he promises to teach the mole to row and swim. (Grahame 2004, p. 13). By putting toget her a group of seemingly incompatible characters, Grahame shows how friendships form, bond and cement to make life better in the community. On the other hand, Grahame shows that friendships enrich life. The underlying message is that if animals can form enduring bonds, humans should do much better. Dancygier says that Grahame uses frame metonymy, or the substitution of the name of an attribute for the name of the thing itself. (Dancygier 2005, p. 1). This camouflaging of elements give the impression that incompatible elements are thrown together. 'We are like the Rat in our book-initial quotation from The Wind in the Willows: give us a grammatical "door-scraper," and we can see a whole house, the entire experimental frame within which we understand what door-scrapers are for.' (Dancygier 2005, p. 25 ). This "door-scraper" is a symbol that draws together the seemingly incompatible elements to give an overall picture of what's going on. Rat and Mole find the door-scraper in the snowing woods. Grahame does not let Rat

Sponsrship letter Juj Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sponsrship letter Juj - Essay Example My musical ambience stems from my family background. My grandfather was a great violinist and as a child, I would sit at his feet and listen to him play the violin. A gulf of joy would maroon me when I heard an instrument and as a result, I learnt to play basic notes of some musical instruments. My grandfather took that opportunity to teach me the rudiments of music at a very age. His influence further cultivated my interest in music. I spend most of my free time at the Arts Equipment department sometimes alone, trying to relive those nostalgic moments with my grandfather. Walnut Hill has offered me the best resources to nurture my talent. It has state of the art equipment and the instructors have been patient and helpful. The professors have shown me that music is a passion and a way of life and so, I do not plan on quitting music after graduation. I will continue studying music until I reach point where there is nothing more to learn. One of the things that I will miss is the friendship and bonding that I and my peers share. We have really grown fond of each other. I and other classmates have formed a musical band that plays at functions in and outside the campus. These performances enable us to perfect our craft while at the same time; the exposure widens our horizons and the prospects of success. Coming to Walnut Hill was the best thing that ever happened to me. My act of appreciation towards your generosity is manifested through the good grades I am attaining and my ability to compose good music that we often perform at gigs and are really applauded by our audience. Your financial assistance made my dream come true. This world is made better by philanthropic people like you. So, once again I would like to show my deep appreciation by saying thank you. People like you are hard to come by. I had so much fun at Walnut Hill and I am saddened to know that I will be leaving soon. I

The Competitive Advantage of China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Competitive Advantage of China - Essay Example The country is ranked very low on considerations of favoritism in government decision making (Rank 43rd), ethical behavior (47th) Intellectual property protection (58th) and auditing and accounting standards (95th). These are artificial constraints and businesses have to be more innovative (manipulative) to succeed. The extent of sophistication of China's competitive advantage was quite poor, the country being ranked at 59th on this factor. Its competitiveness is based more on providing cheap labor and natural resources rather than unique and sophisticated products, technologies and processes. The country's state owned enterprises and the banking sector are still in deep trouble, government intervention to protect these lead to skewed decisions. Levels of financial intermediation are low and the state has had to intervene from time to time to mitigate the adverse effects of a large, non-performing loan portfolio. Added to this is the artificially fixed exchange rate that has remained unchanged at 8.28 Rmb/US$ in the period under review. Floating of the Yuan to see its market driven level shall have major repercussions on the economy as it likely to appreciate considerably making Chinese products more expensive and allow competition from other countries. In terms of consumer sophistication China ranked 42nd; and only 64th in terms of the extent to which its domestic consumers actively de

Pursuing a Career as a Registered Nurse

Pursuing a Career as a Registered Nurse Confucius once stated, Choose a job you love, and you will never have to work a day in your life (Stevenson, 1987). Those profound words truly encourage the importance of choosing a career that one is passionate about in order to attain happiness. However, many individuals fail to recognize that they must be well-suited for their chosen career. While becoming a nurse may not be for everyone, the job can definitely be worthwhile. The abundance of demands and responsibilities that the job entails may be intimidating, but there are so many different opportunities within the nursing field that make it advantageous. Pursuing a career as a registered nurse will certainly be challenging, but it will be an extremely rewarding profession. A career in nursing is one that has a long history, although it has evolved over time into one of the most demanding careers in the medical field. A nurse is defined as a person formally educated and trained in the care of the sick or infirm, especially a registered nurse (Random House, 2001, p. 911). However, nursing has not always been considered a profession in which training or education was required. According to The New Book of Popular Science, in earlier times nurses were generally untrained, learning only what was needed for the specific situations in which they worked (2005, p. 482). Eventually, nursing transformed into a profession that entailed a great deal of knowledge and skill. Nursing as a modern profession can be traced back to the mid 19th century (The New Book of Popular Science, 2005, p. 482), as Florence Nightingale became known as one of the first pioneers of nursing. Nightingale cared for wounded British soldiers during the Crimean War, which showed the importan ce of skilled nursing and in 1860, the first nursing school, based on Nightingales methods, was founded in affiliation with Saint Thomas Hospital in London (The New Book of Popular Science, 2005, p. 482). Nursing schools gradually became more popular, and in 1872, Bostons New England Hospital for women and children established the first U.S. nursing school, which awarded a nursing diploma to Linda Richards, the first trained nurse in the U.S. (The New Book of Popular Science, 2005, p. 482). Since then, millions of men and women have entered the medical field as trained nurses, as it has proven to be an excellent career. While I have always had an interest in the medical field and a strong desire to care for and help people, being exposed to a hospital environment and observing a hospital staff allowed me to discover my desire of pursuing a career in nursing. The nurses, so intelligent, compassionate, and understanding, had not only provided their patients with necessary treatments, but offered them their utmost support and companionship. Knowing that I possess those attributes, it is that vision that has given me the drive and the willingness to help others. As an aspiring registered nurse, one must be committed to working diligently in preparation for her career. Although each approach is quite challenging, there are three educational routes to becoming an RN: 1) Two year associate degree programs offered by community, junior, and technical colleges. 2) Three year diploma programs offered by hospitals. 3) Four year bachelors degree programs offered by colleges/universities. These award the bachelors of science in nursing (BSN) degree (S. Wischnitzer E. Wischnitzer, 2005, p. 172). These three educational routes allow individuals to pursue a career as a registered nurse, while being able to choose a program that is tailored to suit their needs. Nevertheless, nursing students are all required to take several pre-requisites. For example, basic courses cover anatomy, physiology, sociology, English, psychology, philosophy, microbiology, and nursing concepts and techniques (S. Wischnitzer E. Wischnitzer, 2005, p. 172). If a student opts to e nroll in a four year bachelors degree program, they must also take courses in precalculus, chemistry (both general and organic), biology, anthropology, and epidemiology, as well as several advanced nursing courses (S. Wischnitzer E. Wischnitzer, 2005, p. 172). Regardless of which program a student is enrolled in, all prospective nurses must obtain a nursing license before they are able to work. To do so, candidates must pass a written state board examination after graduating from an accredited nursing school (S. Wischnitzer E. Wischnitzer, 2005, p. 172). While education is obviously an integral part of becoming a nurse, its important that nurses possess certain characteristics in order to be successful medical professionals. For example, the U.S. Department of Labor explains that nurses should be caring, sympathetic, responsible, and detail oriented. They must be able to direct or supervise others, correctly assess patients conditions, and determine when consultation is required. They need emotional stability to cope with human suffering, emergencies, and other stresses (2010-2011). Providing a student possesses these characteristics and is capable of doing well throughout her nursing program, she should be fully prepared to succeed in a career as a registered nurse. The job of a registered nurse is certainly one that involves a great deal of responsibilities. According to the U.S. Department of Labor, registered nurses treat patients, educate patients and the public about various medical conditions, and provide advice and emotional support to patients family members. RNs record patients medical histories and symptoms, help perform diagnostic tests and analyze results, operate medical machinery, administer treatment and medications, and help with patient follow-up and rehabilitation (2010-2011). However, depending on the nurses specialty and/or job location, her duties may vary. Therefore, a nurse must be able to apply her newly acquired knowledge and skills from school to the job of her choice. For example, registered nurses have a very wide choice of work settings these include hospitals of different types, nursing homes, schools, community health centers, public health offices, and industrial facilities (S. Wischnitzer E. Wischnitzer, 2005, p. 170). Fortunately, most nurses work in facilities that are clean and well lighted and where the temperature is controlled, although some work in rundown inner city hospitals in less than ideal conditions (Careers in Focus, 2006, p. 165). Nursing is definitely a very demanding job regardless of work setting, as it can be both physically and emotionally exhausting. For example, caring for patients often requires a great deal of strenuous activity, as patients who are ill are usually very weak. Additionally, nurses typically work long hours that include either twelve or eight hour shifts. Those in hospitals generally work any of three shifts: 7:00 A.M. to 3:00 P.M.; 3:00 P.M. to 11:00 P.M.; or 11:00 P.M. to 7:00 A.M (Careers in Focus, 2006, p. 165). Nurses also spend a large portion of their day either walking or standing, which is definitely physically taxing. Consequently, it is not unlikely for nurses to feel as though they are going to burn out. For example, one nurse reported t hat if you are doing a good job, it is mentally as well as physically exhausting, demanding you are going to burn out, as no one supports you you are always working, always on your feet, always thinking. It doesnt end ever your brain is always in overtime (Industrial Engineer, 2011). The abundance of work and the effort a nurse must put into her job may seem very unpleasant at times, but it is undoubtably a financially rewarding career. According to the New York State Department of Labor (2010), the average salary for a registered nurse working in New York City is $82,920. Furthermore, nurses are entitled to a fair amount of time off. As for vacation time, new employees earn 13 days per year, and bonus days are added each year for the first 7 years (NYS Department of Civil Service, 2011). Also, employees can earn 5 days of personal leave per year and sick leave can be accumulated to a maximum of 200 days (NYS Department of Civil Service, 2011). Registered nurses put an enormous amount of time and energy into helping people and providing patients with proper health care, proving that they are definitely deserving of a high salary and adequate time off. Despite the disadvantages of becoming a registered nurse, the various job opportunities and possibilities to advance make it a very desirable career choice. Besides the chance to help others and put ones skills to work, nursing offers diversity, ready availability of jobs, reasonable starting salaries, attractive employee benefits, a choice of educational programs, and plentiful financial aid (Tise, 1988). These advantages are usually very appealing to interested nursing students, as the field of nursing is extremely broad and offers so many different options. Furthermore, nurses typically enjoy interacting with different types of people on a daily basis. For example, a study showed that despite nurses decision to quit, they identified interactions with patients and families as being emotionally satisfying, and the loss of this interaction as their biggest regret since leaving practice (Mackusick Minick, 2010). However, patient interaction is not always so enjoyable, as RNs may be i n close contact with individuals who have infectious diseases (U.S. Department of Labor, 2009), which can be quite dangerous if one is not cautious. Nurses have also reported that they dislike the people they work with, which is evident in an article from Medsurg Nursing, which states unfriendly workplace was evidenced by nurses reporting issues of sexual harassment; verbal or physical abuse from co-workers, managers, or physicians in the workplace; and/or consistent lack of support from other RNs (Mackusick Minick, 2010). However, as with any career, it is important to understand that some co-workers are going to be more friendly than others. In addition to an unfriendly workplace, overwork and stress are common in nursing long hours, inconvenient hours, and little rest have always been a nurses lot (Tise, 1988). For example, researchers found that the average total sleep time between 12-hour shifts was only 5.5 hours (Healthcare Traveler, 2010), reiterating the fact that the job of a nurse is extremely exhausting. Moreover, nurses can be held legally accountable for providing the wrong medication to a patient even if ordered to do so by a doctor (Tise, 1988), which is definitely a rather unattractive aspect of nursing. Nevertheless, the disadvantages of becoming a nurse should not undermine the fact that nursing has a very promising future. Current projections are that employment of RNs is expected to grow faster than average for all occupations through 2012, and many jobs will result (S. Wischnitzer E. Wischnitzer, 2005, p. 172). The large amount of employment opportunities is attributed to a severe shortage of nurses, which will be exacerbated by the increasing numbers of baby boomer aged nurses who are expected to retire, creating more open positions than there are graduates of nursing programs (Careers in Focus, 2006, p. 165). In addition to benefiting from a very favorable job market, registered nurses have the opportunity to continue their education and advance in their career. With additional experience and training, an RN may move into a supervisory, management, or administrative position such as head nurse. Other potential directions for advancement include specialty training, especially in one of the advanced-practice nursing specialties (S. Wischnitzer E. Wischnitzer, 2005, p. 172). Of the various advancement opportunities, an advanced-practice nurse is the highest degree of specialty within the field of nursing. Advanced-practice nurses are highly trained specialists with one of four professional titles: clinical nurse specialist, nurse-anesthetist, nurse practitioner, or nurse-midwife (S. Wischnitzer E. Wischnitzer, 2005, p. 171). If a registered nurse decides to become an advanced-practice nurse, he or she must obtain a masters or doctorate degree. Many nurses choose to follow this career path, as it allows them to assume a higher ranking position with enormous financial benefits. It is evident that endeavoring towards a career as a registered nurse is demanding, but it will absolutely be worthwhile. I am definitely suited to become a registered nurse, as I am a hard-working and compassionate individual, which are characteristics that are imperative to achieve success in nursing. This upcoming fall, I will begin to actualize my goal of becoming a nurse, as I have chosen to attend Wagner Colleges nursing program. After earning a bachelors of science degree in nursing, I hope to someday further my education and become a nurse practitioner. I am certainly aware that it is a major commitment, but I am fully prepared for the challenge and will continue to work diligently to attain my goal. I am completely confident that I will someday be an excellent nurse, but above all, as a registered nurse, I intend to never have to work a day in my life.