Teacher immediacy Essay Example

Educator quickness Paper Quickness can be depicted as mental and physical closeness to another human (Gorham, 1988). Customarily, promptness has two parts, non verbal and verbal. Non-verbal promptness practices have been arranged into things such at grins, eye to eye connection, imparting at short separations, body places that are forward inclining or potentially loose, positive signals, contact, and assortment in vocalizations (Christophel, 1990; Kearney, Plax, Smith, Sorenson, 1988). Verbal instantaneousness would incorporate self-divulgence, utilization of we, approaching understudies by name, and amusingness (Gorham, 1988; Kearney et al. , 1988). Obviously instructor promptness impacts educator adequacy, understudy inspiration, and understudy learning (Gorham, 1988; Rodriguez, Plax, Kearney, 1996). What is hazy is the connection between instructor quickness, saw educator sex, and understudy readiness to take part. For this examination, the variable of teacher nonverbal and verbal instantaneousness practices will be understudy provided details regarding a 34-thing measure (Christophel, 1990). Seen Gender of the Instructor Because the understudies will investigate the sexual orientation qualities of the educator, this variable is named as seen sex. Sex and sexual orientation are not terms that are exchangeable today in correspondence research (Campbell, Gillaspy, Thompson, 1997). The term sex for the most part alludes to natural contrasts among ladies and men while sexual orientation frequently alludes to the social, mental, and social convictions people have about themselves as being male or female (Pearson Davilla, 2001). We will compose a custom paper test on Teacher quickness explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Teacher quickness explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Teacher quickness explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer For this examination, sexual orientation is characterized as the sex sort of an individual dependent on how much that individual has disguised the qualities the general public has considered as manly and ladylike, and these manly and female attributes are portrayed by the BSRI dependent on a judgment with regards to whether American culture saw those attributes as progressively alluring in people, separately (Bem, 1974). As instructive correspondence specialists, we are keen on the degree to which our understudies have disguised societys gauges for being manly or female and how this disguise impacts how understudies conceptualize and classify educator sex attributes. One approach to quantify impression of sex jobs is to utilize the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) made by Sandra Bem (1974). The BSRI regarded manliness and gentility as two separate measurements and asked respondents to self-rate from a rundown of character attributes (Auster Ohm, 2000). Every respondent would be ordered into one of four gatherings: gender ambiguous (high manly/high female), manly (high manly/low ladylike), ladylike (low manly/high female), and undifferentiated (low manly/low female) (Pearson Davilla, 2001; Wheeless, Dierks-Stewart, 1981). In the first investigation, Menzel and Carrel (1999) found no huge connection between the organic sex of teachers and understudy readiness to partake. What is hazy is both the connection between saw educator sexual orientation and understudy readiness to partake and the connection between saw instructor sex and instructor promptness practices. For this investigation, the variable of saw sex of the teacher will be understudy given an account of a 20-thing BSRI. Ability to Talk Understudy eagerness to talk is a significant segment of the study hall condition, however shockingly it is uncommon for most of understudies take an interest in entire class conversation (Green, 2000) Oral understudy cooperation is connected to dynamic learning (Steinert, Snell, 1999), and teachers use class conversations to create basic reasoning abilities (Garside, 1996) and to improve understudy correspondence skill (Zorn, 1991). Besides, understudy in-class discourse is regularly a way that educators check their academic viability, and teachers additionally use understudy discourse to assess understudy learning (Cooper, 1995). Notwithstanding the significance of understudy discourse in understudy learning, in a conversation setting that joins thirty-five understudies or less, 15 percent of the understudies will be liable for 75 percent of all understudy discourse (Green, 2000). Due to this difference in understudy investment, it is essential to contemplate factors that could impact understudy readiness to talk. Menzel and Carrel (1999) found the degree of understudy readiness to converse with be emphatically corresponded with understudy learning; they additionally contended that homeroom discourse is essential to contemplate on the grounds that it is an impression of viable guidance. When estimating eagerness to talk in class, it appears to be sensible to acknowledge Menzel and Carrels (1999) consolidation of the factors of understudy intrigue and state inspiration, sort of support condition, guest plan, and level of dissension with thoughts examined, particularly since the specialists factually assessed their instrument for inside legitimacy and found these factors important in contemplating understudy ability to talk. For this investigation the variable of understudy ability to talk in class is self-provided details regarding a 19-thing measure joining the previously mentioned factors (Menzel Carrel, 1999). Purposes and Objectives This investigation looks to reproduce bits of the first examination done by Menzel and Carrell (1999), with organic sex being supplanted by sexual orientation of teacher, which is characterized as mental sex attributes and understudy gave an account of the abbreviated BSRI. As recently examined, research has emphatically associated instructor instantaneousness practices with understudy eagerness to talk (Menzel Carrell, 1999). Past exploration has not examined two expected connections: between understudy eagerness to talk and saw educator sexual orientation qualities, and between teacher promptness practices and saw teacher sex attributes. Speculation and Research Questions: H1: An understudies eagerness to talk in class will emphatically change dependent on teacher instantaneousness conduct (verbal and nonverbal joined in one variable). RQ1: Will an understudies readiness to talk in class change as an element of the understudy revealed apparent sexual orientation of the teacher? RQ2: Is there a connection between teacher instantaneousness conduct (verbal and nonverbal consolidated in one variable) and understudy revealed apparent sexual orientation of the educator? Concerning our informational index, we overviewed junior college understudies while Menzel and Carrell (1999) studied college understudies. Given the contrasts between the instructive plans of some junior college understudies and the instructive plans of college understudies, we thought about whether length of arranged training could affect how understudies gave an account of the three factors of our investigation. In light of this, we offered a last examination conversation starter.

Project Management Social Media Research Centre †Free Samples

Question: Talk about the Project Management Social Media Research Center. Answer: Obligations An undertaking director is a person who is entrusted with the job of taking the obligations regarding the accomplishment of the activities destinations. At whatever point an association chooses a person to go about as the undertaking chief it moves the obligations of accomplishing the task to him, with the association holding the responsibility for the result. For this reason, its upon the supervisor to guarantee his jobs are obvious to empower him convey as per the general inclination of the association. When all is said in done, a portion of the undertaking directors obligations incorporate arranging. This basically implies characterizing what the undertaking is intended to achieve, how, when and in what way. Its the duty of the task administrator to think of the goals of the extend and characterize the necessary assets expected to set up the undertaking. The arrangement is the general outline whereupon the bearing and accomplishment of the undertaking t will be resolved. As the organizer, he likewise assumes liability to make changes in the venture design and follow up to guarantee the progressions are incorporated adequately in the underlying arrangement and all the undertaking colleagues are errands in accordance with it.(Kerzner, 1989) Notwithstanding the arranging obligation the undertaking chief is additionally entrusted with the association of the task. Here he should think of a structure that will prompt the undertaking working at an ideal point for example most extreme productivity and adequacy. Endless supply of his arrangement he should set up the task fittingly with compelling coordination, control and very much structured correspondence channel. The key assignment in association is selecting the opportune individuals with the correct aptitudes to actualizes the different components of the project.(Murphy, 1974) Moreover, he is likewise the executive. A venture comprises of different staff with various aptitudes and working in various parts of the undertaking its upon the supervisor to guarantee that he leads and inspires the people to move in the direction of a solitary target as set in the task plan. As a portion of the colleagues may come in at various occasions, a connection is expected to guarantee their work are identified with the target that is the place the venture chief comes in.(Kerzner, 1989) At long last, he controls the exercises under the undertaking. Since he is the one answerable to the association for the result of the venture its upon him to set the norms of execution, measure the staff execution and make correlations. In the event of deviations he should take fundamental measures to guarantee everything returns to follow. Job of the executives to the undertaking The administration is answerable for determination of the venture to be sought after. They are entrusted with assessing the different alternative and concocting the activities which are in accordance with the business benefit improvement targets (Ireland, 2006) likewise they compose the systems for the undertakings, they think of strategies of how the task will be overseen, presently crafted by the venture supervisor is to follow the structure previously settled with the supervisory group. Its additionally the job of the administration to follow the advancement of the extend and investigate its presentation comparable to the set destinations. They likewise survey and set new direction where vital. In their difference in unique arrangement, they consider the impact of the progressions to the general task and give the venture administrator proper proposals. What's more, they apportion to the task director the fundamental assets required for legitimate and auspicious achieving of the venture. Along with the assets the administration additionally natures the undertaking administrator through mentorship and preparing to give him sufficient information and aptitudes to achieve a task successfully.(Bjeirmi, 19996) Venture the board norms, strategies, methods and instruments Venture the board is the utilization of a lot of devices and procedures to redirect the utilization of assets towards accomplishment of a particular, entangled one-time objective inside the requirements set by the organization.(Carter, 2000) The administration of a task is separated into four stages with each stage agreed pertinent strategies Undertaking inception stage: here the strategies appropriate incorporate characterizing the commencement group, the client relationship with the venture, the inception plan, methods for dealing with the task just as the administration condition. The second is the task arranging, here we have depiction of extension, attainability and other accessible alternatives. This method help the group comprehend the undertaking substance gauges for estimating achievement and meaning of venture rivalry. Isolating the undertaking into errands is another procedure here the object is to separate the venture into independent assignments which can be alloted to people to encourage venture progress. In the wake of separating the undertaking into errands, we now pre-figure the required asset and build up an arrangement for the assets, the reason here is to gather the assets and convey them in a viable way. At long last, the undertaking director will frame a primer timetable, produce a correspondence lin e build up the principles lastly set a gauge plan for the venture. (Payne, 1998) The third period of the undertaking is the execution. Under this stage, the director will apply the methods of actualizing the standard arrangement. That is to state he will recruit and train the new colleagues on their jobs assign them assets and screen them for quality conveyance. From there on he will contrast the advancement of the venture with the standard and follow up on the progressions saw on the benchmark project.(Payne, 1998) In a similar stage, there will be support of complete record of exercises directed up until this point. For naturally purposes he is additionally entrusted with sharing the venture movement subtleties with the other colleagues and alarm them of any adjustments in the first arrangement. At long last, we continue to the end stage, here the strategies will be venture shutting. Offering notice to all the important gatherings on the fruition of the task settling the archives and records to empower leading the venture survey. A while later a post venture survey is led to produce qualities and shortcomings of the conveyed venture, strategies used to create them just as the administration technique. After all the over the task supervisor at that point ensure every single legally binding term of the undertaking were met. For motivation behind moderating the difficulties of venture the executives there are a few devices which are accessible to help in the assignment. A portion of the instruments are manual while others are electronic its upon the chief to choose the device which best fit the accessible errand thinking about his assets. One of the devices is the PERT, this include the utilization of PERT diagrams just as the Critical Path Method(Kerzner, 1989) At that point there is the utilization of Gantt diagrams, this shows the schedule time work assignment. It applies realistic portrayals to show start, passed and time of fulfillment of any undertaking inside the task. They are increasingly helpful in following status of the tasks segments. These apparatuses are as yet advancing and will before long observe advancement of programming which can deal with the errands in an increasingly effective efficient manner.(Schimmoller, 2001) Subject matters For an undertaking supervisor to have the option to complete his duties to the necessary measures by the association he is required to have certain skills.(Posner, 1987) In a more extensive term, he ought to have the administration aptitudes: because of the adjustments in the desires for the task director, they are at present expected to have a greater amount of the administration abilities than the conventional specialized abilities in venture activity. One such administrative aptitude is the procedure expertise. This is quite a bit of working with procedures and apparatuses. The administrator ought to see how to decipher the different factual examination and think of the best administration methodologies.(Posner, 1987) He should let the specialized group do the real ventures and confines his work to the general viewpoints. Furthermore, he ought to likewise discover answers for different issues. As an undertaking is experiencing handling by the specialized groups, it is inclined to experience issues at specific stages. The director ought to have the option to distinguish it sufficiently early and set up measures to moderate it. With satisfactory cri tical thinking strategies he ought to have the option to separate an intricate issue dissect it get to its main driver utilizing logical reasoning at that point escape to unravel it.(Nicholas, 1989) In accordance with their activity item directors utilize the vast majority of their time haggling for help, assets and other type of hardware. Despite the fact that he needs help from different pros, for example, legal counselors in the dealings he need the aptitude also since he is relied upon to make the different recipients not inspired by the task see its advantages and henceforth discover a ground for supporting its success.(B. N. Dough puncher, 1974) As a decent mediator, he will have the option to create a shared belief for different gatherings to accomplice to support the task. Great administration abilities additionally equivalent to adequate applied aptitudes. The task chief is the integrator for this he needs to consider the to be as entire, foresee how changes in a single segment of the venture will influence different parts get the interrelation between the contributors, engineers and the last recipients and with this have an away from of the general objective. With complex activities the aptitude become to a greater extent a need to the venture director. (Oakland, 1989) Another more extensive subject matter he expected to have is the relational aptitudes. This the capacity to comprehend different people groups disposition and the general human elements along these lines the chief can work effectively as a group head. Administration aptitudes is a segment of the relational ability, an undertaking supervisor is a group head for example he accomplishes his goals through

7 Ways Workplace Cliques Harm the Work Environment

7 Ways Workplace Cliques Harm the Work Environment More in Stress Management Job Stress Workplace Bullying Effects on Health Management Techniques Situational Stress Household Stress Relationship Stress Every company wants its employees to get along. After all, teamwork is an essential part of a companys success. But sometimes groups of employees form cliques  at work. When  this happens, it is detrimental to employee morale and can lead to workplace bullying. Cliques cause employees on the outside to feel like they are less important or worthy than those on the inside. And, that’s just bad for business. Here are the top seven reasons why  workplace  cliques are bad for your company. They Dont Usually Socialize Outside Their Group Excessive togetherness is bad for companies because those on the outside become distracted and dissatisfied with the work environment. They may even expend more energy trying to  cope with the clique than they do on their actual job. What’s more, cliques can become more about the group than they are about the company. In the end, this impacts the company’s bottom line. And it causes good employees to flee the company when they have had enough. They Thrive When No One Addresses Their Behavior It is important to address issues with cliques as soon as they occur. When you see something inappropriate, be sure to address it right away. But try not to overreact. While it is important that there be unity among all workers, you want to be careful not to punish employees for having close friends at work. Be sure you know the difference between a clique and a group of friends before you step in and break them up. They Ostracize Other Employees One way to prevent employees from ostracizing others is to assign them to group projects instead of allowing them to choose their own groups. When you allow employees to pick their own groups, you are opening the door to workplace bullying. Conversely, when you select the group, you are ensuring that they include those outside their circle of friends. Pre-selected groups also give employees the opportunity to learn how to work with different types of people. Another way that workplace cliques can affect employee morale is by making a big deal out of the things they do together. For instance, cliques often laugh and share inside jokes that other employees do not get. These secrets  create an unbalanced workforce because some employees are left feeling like outsiders instead of part of the team. They Often Have Several Types of Bullies Remember, not all bullies are the same. Some bullies are very covert and manipulative. As a result, this type of bullying is hard to recognize. Be sure you know what constitutes workplace bullying. This will help you identify workplace bullying issues within your company and help you eliminate cliques. Cliques Often Contain Gossip, Backstabbing, and Rumor-Spreading Nothing disrupts the work environment more than office rumor mill. As a result, be sure your employees can identify  the perils of gossip and rumor-spreading  in the workplace.  You also should educate your employees on what constitutes workplace bullying and how they should respond when they witness bullying in the workplace.   They Often Cyberbully Stress to your employees the importance of thinking before posting something online. The group mentality of a clique often leads employees to take embarrassing photos and videos of other employees and post them on social media. And photos and videos are not limited to those outside the group. They may even expose members of the clique on social media. Sometimes their actions even border on workplace cyberbullying. Be sure you are clear about your company’s policies regarding social media use. It’s also a good idea to discuss the key components of digital etiquette with your employees. Also, a discussion about what they should avoid posting online is always helpful.  Employees need to realize that these guidelines apply both in the office and outside of work. They Require Conformity Being alike can make employees feel safe. But it also hinders productivity. People feel discouraged to think outside the box or suggest new ideas because they don’t want to rock the boat or be different. Stress to your employees that you are looking for fresh and new ideas and that you don’t want cookie-cutter approaches to problems. Try to get them to see that you don’t want them to be like everyone else at work. Be sure they know that you value creativity and authenticity from your employees. When you do that, you will discourage the like-mindedness that holds cliques together.

The Legacy of JP Morgan Essay example - 3014 Words

In 1871, the banking house of Drexel, Morgan Co. was established by John Pierpont Morgan. Twenty four years later it was renamed J.P. Morgan Co., which it was to remain until the firms purchase by Chase Manhattan in 2000. (Hughes 23) At this point, Chase Manhattan was the largest banking company in the United States. This was a far cry from the 1980s when Morgan boasted the largest market capitalization of any American bank and was more expensive to buy than Citicorp. (Hughes 11) While J.P. Morgan could not imagine the path banking would take in the U.S. with his passing in 1913; his banking house would have a strong hold on American banking for much of the 20th century. The introduction of bank holding companies and certain laws†¦show more content†¦Thus, from an early age, Pierponts life was scripted for a promising future in banking and business. Although Pierpont did follow the path laid before him, this was not the case for the majority of those born into the same c ircumstances. Pierponts generation of wealthy heirs often chose the easy life by simply living off the amassed fortunes of earlier generations. Others, such as the robber barons, accumulated wealth not through inheritance, but by working from the bottom to the top during the Gilded Age (Strouse, 129). Two men fitting a category of rags to riches, and of whom were also connected to Pierpont through business, were Andrew Carnegie and Thomas Alva Edison. In 1869, Junius Morgan became acquainted with Carnegie under the construction and financing of a steel railroad bridge across the Mississippi River. The bridge finally opened in 1874 as the St. Louis Bridge, but due to an ongoing mild depression in the economy, sparse rail traffic used the continental highway. The Morgans did not waiver in their support for Carnegie, but instead financed future bridges and rail systems as well. With a solid business relationship in tact, Pierpont and Carnegie collaborated again in 1901 to form the worlds largest corporation, U.S. Steel (Chambers, 44). Originally called the Carnegie Company, PierpontShow MoreRelatedProcter Gamble s Impact On The World1602 Words   |  7 Pagescoined it, individuals lost millions, companies lost billions and stock prices had essentially bottomed. According to the Financial Times, â€Å"†¦Procter Gamble s share price fell 37 percent at one point† (Legacy, 2013) and â€Å"shares in management consult ancy firm Accenture†¦dropped from $40 to 1 CENT† (Legacy, 2013). For these things to have happened, it is pretty obvious that something superhuman was at work. In this case, it was actually supercomputers. There is a method of stock trading known as AlgorithmicRead MoreThe most controversial case of fraud in history left more questions than answers. 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The War on Drugs is a War on the Poor Essay - 1265 Words

The â€Å"War on Drugs has been so terribly ineffective that it leads one to question its true motives. Even a dog can eventually learn from an electric fence, so why not the United States government? Is the goal really to curtail drug use, or is it to segregate society and vilify the disadvantaged? A combination of mandatory minimum sentencing and other unjust laws has led to an enormous rise in U.S. prison populations. Thanks to these laws, 60 percent of the federal prison population consisted of nonviolent drug offenders as of 1999. In 1997, about twice as many people were arrested for drug offenses as for violent crimes. As a result, the U.S. incarceration rate is now six to ten times higher than in most industrialized†¦show more content†¦According to the U.S. Department of Justice, African Americans comprise approximately 13 percent of the population and 13 percent of all drug users. 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Tajikistan is slowly recovering from the effects of becoming a new nation, plagued with war and drug problems early in its life, and this requires theRead MoreThe Problem Of The War On Drugs1638 Words   |  7 Pagesmost prosperous and corrupt industry of them all, prisons. Most people assume the â€Å"War on Drugs† was launched in response to the crisis cause by crack-cocaine in inner city neighborhoods. This view supports that racial disparities in drug convictions and sentences, as well as the rapid explosion of the prison population, reflect nothing more than the government’s zealous efforts to address rampant drug crime in poor, minority neighborhoods. This view while understandable, given the sensational media

Poem Introductions- Stories of Ourselves Cie Free Essays

Because I Could Not Stop for Death In â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop for Death,† the author is taken on a metaphorical â€Å"ride† past her entire life and to her end by a personified death. Symbolism, personification and alliteration are used to highlight the fact that she has come to accept fate as natural and is even happy with her new, â€Å"eternal,† life. My Parents Kept Me from Children Who Were Rough â€Å"My Parents Kept Me from Children Who Were Rough† tells of an author looking back on his life as a sheltered, high class boy that is harassed by the town’s â€Å"common kids. We will write a custom essay sample on Poem Introductions- Stories of Ourselves Cie or any similar topic only for you Order Now † He is abused both physically and emotionally while he, following higher class norms, ignores them. Similes, verbs in past tense, diction such as â€Å"kept† and symbolism help describe not only the situation but give insight on the boy’s true desire: acceptance. Attack â€Å"Attack† is a poem about fear, anxiety, uncertainty and danger. The author uses imagery, personification and onomatopoeia to paint a picture of war, describe the dangers as â€Å"alive† and out to get you and reflect the quick and crude sound of bombs and bullets. Anthem For Doomed Youth â€Å"Anthem For Doomed Youth† is a tragic depiction of the meaningless and devastating ends young soldiers meet in battle. Their deaths, unhonored, are blended into the overall war landscape of â€Å"stuttering rifles† and â€Å"angered guns.† Alliteration, personification and metaphors are used to illustrate a landscape filled with gun and bomb sounds and dangers that parallel the human condition during the war. My Dreams Are Of A Field Afar â€Å"My Dreams are of a field afar† is a song of guilt in which a man remembers his fallen comrades and laments not having acted in a certain way. The author mentions the fact that he remains alive because, unlike his mates, he failed to react in an honorable and satisfactory manner; this conflict serves as the root of his remorse. One Art In â€Å"One Art,† the author tries to confront her emotions towards losing a loved one by comparing it to many trivial things. The authors hesitation to write at the end and the change in tone when she says â€Å"the art of losing’s not too hard† (an obvious diversion from the confidence expressed in previous lines) show that no matter how much she wants to believe that the â€Å"art of losing,† might be perfected to the point of indifference, she will continue to be affected. Personification in the beginning parallels the nature of the more significant loss at the end of the poem. Tears, Idle Tears Tears, Idle Tears is a poem about the past: a past that although filled with happiness and love is remembered as dead with regret and sadness. Using metaphors, imagery and the repetition of the last line in each stanza, the author paints a picture of a beautiful â€Å"before† that has somehow been lost. Death is made a synonym of that love that once was, but is now a thing of the past. Because I liked You Better â€Å"Because I Like You Better† is a poem of unreciprocated love, a love so strong it was willing to deny itself for the other’s sake. Metaphors are used to see exemplify the effect actions and events have on the author, i.e pain and reluctant agreement. The author might, to a degree, be scornful of his situation since he decides to, without much trouble, accept rejection and describes his love as â€Å"†¦better than suits a man to say.† How to cite Poem Introductions- Stories of Ourselves Cie, Essay examples

Literary Tools, Language, and Thematic Ideas free essay sample

In A Perfect Day for Bananafish, by JD Salinger, The Unclouded Day, by E. Annie Proulx, and White Angel, by Michael Cunningham, the authors use literary devices and language to connect specific themes of Modernism with the advancement of the stories’ plots and characters. They exploit concrete literary devices such as diction, foreshadowing, foils, allegory, flashbacks, and symbolism. These devices emphasized distinct Modernist themes throughout the stories including, the search for an individual place in a vast universe, the loss of childhood innocence, the search for one’s inner self, traditional values vs. modern values, rejection of an outdated social era, and the search for ways to deal with the absurdities of life. JD Salinger conveys Modernist themes, like the search for an individual place in a vast universe and the loss of childhood innocence, in A Perfect Day for Bananafish, through the use of diction and foreshadowing. For example, in the story a line in the text reads, â€Å" ‘Did you see more glass?’ said Sybil† (Salinger, 15). We will write a custom essay sample on Literary Tools, Language, and Thematic Ideas or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The author’s use of the provocative and risky S sound is purposely intended to flow together, mysteriously hinting at the characters motifs. By choosing words with the S sound, like â€Å"Seymour†, â€Å"Sybil†, â€Å"see†, â€Å"glass†, etc., it conveys a luring tone drawing the reader in to the advancement of the plot and leaves one wondering how Seymour Glass cannot grasp a life without innocence. The use of foreshadowing also helped to illuminate the themes when, for example, Seymour is explaining to Sybil the outcome of his imaginary â€Å"bananafish†. â€Å" ‘Well, they swim into a hole where there’s a lot of bananas. They’re very ordinary-looking fish when they swim in. But once they get in, they behave like pigs†¦Naturally, after that they’re so fat they can’t get out of the hole again†¦Well, I hate to tell you, Sybil. They die† (Salinger, 23). Seymour’s explanations are clue s that suggest how Seymour himself has behaved in the past and the search he is on for his individual place in the world, foreshadowing his future. Seymour is normal before the war, but once he enters it, like the bananafish do the hole, he gorges himself on horror and loss which leaves him unable to get out of that state of mind and emotionally unable to connect back to society. Ultimately, Salinger connected two literary tools to themes of Modernism in order to keep the plot progressing and in the end Seymour receives the same fate as the bananafish: death. E. Annie Proulx depicted Modernist themes, such as the search for one’s inner self and traditional values vs. modern values, in The Unclouded Day, through the use of foils and an allegory. For example, Earl is the secondary character that acts as a foil for the main character, Santee when he rationalizes his â€Å"kill† in hunting by saying, â€Å" ‘I saw right where they went down†¦but that dog of yo urs†¦ ‘This is the parting of our ways’ [Santee] said. ‘I can take a good deal, but I won’t have my dog called down’ † (Proulx, 99-100). This foil helps to illuminate Santee’s search for his inner self when he realizes he is beating himself up to be with exactly the kind of person he disagrees about. Earl is ungrateful, impatient, and tries to learn tricks of the trade that simply can’t be taught- something Proulx purposefully introduced to advance the contrasting characters to the story’s conclusion. The use of an allegory also emphasized the theme of traditional vs. modern values when Santee â€Å"longed for the cold weather and unclouded days that lay somewhere ahead†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Proulx, 89). Santee knew he had to go through an obstacle to get to happiness and the life he is comfortable with. In the end, he finally stands up for what he believes in and for his dog (which represents traditional values). He gets wh at he wanted and Earl (the cloud covering his happiness) is removed from the equation. Michael Cunningham illustrated Modernist themes, such as the search for ways to deal with the absurdities of life and the rejection of an outdated social era, in White Angel, by enforcing the use of flashbacks and symbolism. For example, the story is told in a first person point of view from Frisco/Bobby Morrow, looking back into his past. â€Å"We lived then in Cleveland, in the middle of everything†¦This of course is history† (Cunningham, 25). The author’s choice of words/phrases like, â€Å"I made no move without his council† (Cunningham, 25) and â€Å"I will go out and stand where he would have been standing† (Cunningham, 32)- speaking of Frisco’s late brother Carlton, helps to emphasize that times have changed and they’re no longer in the 60’s. This is important because the use of these time-play words suggest to the reader that something must have happened to make Frisco reject that social era and tell the story as a flashback. Within the manipulation of time in this story also lies another literary device: symbolism. For example, one year after Carlton’s death, Frisco’s dad gets up in the middle of the night for water and Frisco says, â€Å" ‘Maybe you better come back to bed. O.K.?’ ‘Maybe I had,’ [Frisco’s dad] says. ‘I just came out here for a drink of water, but I seem to have gotten turned around in the darkness. Yes, maybe I better had’ † (Cunningham, 33). This shows that his dad had gotten turned around in the darkness not only literally, but metaphorically in life. This is important because Carlton had taken drugs in the 60’s to expand his mind, yet his parents minds did the opposite after his death; making apparent their search for ways to deal with the absurdities of life. As a result, the themes in this story are brought about by t he literary tools that helped advance Frisco’s personal conclusion; â€Å"At least [Carlton’s girlfriend] had protected herself by trying to warn him† (Cunningham, 33). A Perfect Day for Bananafish, by JD Salinger, The Unclouded Day, by E. Annie Proulx, and White Angel, by Michael Cunningham, all contained literary devices and specific language that the authors used to connect specific themes of Modernism with the advancement of the stories’ plots and characters. All three stories involve unique literature and thematic ideas that only could have been brought to one’s attention with the connections the author’s made in order to progress the characters and plots to their conclusions which all ended with a â€Å"boom†.